SynthesisDeutsches Arzteblatt international2018
The Improvement of Walking Ability Following Stroke.
Synthesis in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of the Rehabilitative Efficacy of Copernicus®, a Visual Feedback Device for the Early Start to Locomotion of Post-stroke Patients
Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Exercise Program Combined With Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Subacute Stroke: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Optimal training strategy for body weight support treadmill training to enhance lower limb motor function and activity of daily living in persons with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of body weight support training on balance and walking function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Satisfaction analysis of overground gait exoskeletons in people with neurological pathology. a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Robot-assisted gait training in people with subacute and chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Trial
- Efficacy observation of combined transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on gait in 169 subacute stroke patients.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Review
- The Effect of Home-Based Robotic Rehabilitation on Individuals with Disabilities in Community Settings: A Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Low awareness of the transitivity assumption in complex networks of interventions: a systematic survey from 721 network meta-analyses.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Effect of Robotic-Assisted Gait at Different Levels of Guidance and Body Weight Support on Lower Limb Joint Kinematics and Coordination.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Robotic-Assisted Gait Training (RAGT) in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2023Article
- Correlation analysis of balance function with plantar pressure distribution and gait parameters in patients with cerebral infarction in the basal ganglia region.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Lower extremity robotic exoskeleton devices for overground ambulation recovery in acquired brain injury-A review.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2023Review
- Brain-computer interface treatment for gait rehabilitation in stroke patients.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Review
- A Comprehensive Appraisal of Meta-Analyses of Exercise-Based Stroke Rehabilitation with Trial Sequential Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effectiveness of a Novel Contralaterally Controlled Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Restoring Lower Limb Motor Performance and Activities of Daily Living in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Neural plasticity · 2022Article
- Two-Week Rehabilitation with Auditory Biofeedback Prosthesis Reduces Whole Body Angular Momentum Range during Walking in Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGait velocity and maximum walking distance are central parameters for measuring the success of rehabilitation of gait after a stroke. The goal of this study was to provide an overview of current evidence on the rehabilitation of gait after a stroke.
methodsA systematic review of randomized, controlled trials was carried out using network meta-analysis. The primary endpoint was gait velocity; secondary end- points were the ability to walk, maximum walking distance, and gait stability. The following interventions were analyzed: no gait training, conventional gait training (reference category), training on a treadmill with or without body weight support, training on a treadmill with or without a speed paradigm, and electromechanically assisted gait training with end-effector or exoskeleton apparatus.
resultsThe systematic search yielded 40 567 hits. 95 randomized, controlled trials involving a total of 4458 post-stroke patients were included in the meta-analysis. With respect to the primary endpoint of gait velocity, gait training assisted by end- effector apparatus led to significant improvement (mean difference [MD] = 0.16 m/s; 95% confidence interval [0.04; 0.28]). None of the other interventions improved gait velocity to any significant extent. With respect to one of the secondary endpoints, maximum walking distance, both gait training assisted by end-effector apparatus and treadmill training with body weight support led to significant improvement (MD = 47 m, [4; 90], and MD = 38 m, [4; 72], respectively). A network meta-analysis could not be performed with respect to the ability to walk (a different secondary endpoint) because of substantial inconsistencies in the data. The interventions did not differ significantly with respect to safety.
conclusionIn comparison to conventional gait rehabilitation, gait training assisted by end-effector apparatus leads to a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in gait velocity and maximum walking distance after stroke, while treadmill training with body weight support leads to a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in maximum walking distance.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.