Trial reportPublic health nutrition2019
Mediators of the effectiveness of a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention on pre-schoolers' snacking behaviour: the ToyBox-study.
Trial report in Public health nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 2 to 4 years old.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of the DAGIS randomized controlled trial on home environment and children's food consumption according to the degree of implementation.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Effects of the Preschool-Based Family-Involving DAGIS Intervention on Family Environment: A Cluster Randomised Trial.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Combining Effect and Process Evaluation on European Preschool Children's Snacking Behavior in a Kindergarten-Based, Family-Involved Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial: The ToyBox Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Influence of pre-schooler and parent nutrition education on carotenoid levels of Mexican-heritage children.Public health nutrition · 2020Trial
- Analytical study on childhood obesity and its association with parental lifestyle behaviors in family medicine clinics.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Public health interventions tackling childhood obesity at European level: A literature review.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Review
- Nutritional Education Is an Effective Tool in Improving Beverage Assortment in Nurseries in Poland.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Challenges in child and adolescent nutrition.Public health nutrition · 2019Article
- A feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial of a preschool obesity prevention intervention: ToyBox-Scotland.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe present study aimed to explore the mediating role of family-related determinants on the effects of the ToyBox-intervention on pre-school children's consumption of healthy and unhealthy snacks.
designThe ToyBox-intervention was a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention with a cluster-randomized design, aiming to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours to prevent obesity at pre-school age.
settingKindergartens (n 309) in six European countries. SUBJECTS: A total of 6290 pre-schoolers and their families participated in the ToyBox-intervention in 2012-2013 and data from 5212 pre-schoolers/families were included in the current analyses.
resultsEven though the total effect of the ToyBox-intervention on healthy and unhealthy snacking was not significant, the ToyBox-intervention significantly improved parental rule setting on children's unhealthy snack consumption (i.e. restriction of snacking while watching television and permission only at certain occasions) and parental consumption of unhealthy snacks, while it increased parental knowledge on snacking recommendations. Regarding healthy snacking, the ToyBox-intervention improved children's attitude towards fruit and vegetables (F&V). All previously mentioned family-related determinants mediated the intervention effects on pre-schoolers' consumption of healthy and unhealthy snacks. Almost all family-related determinants examined in the study were independently associated with pre-schoolers' consumption of healthy and unhealthy snacks.
conclusionsThe intervention was effective in improving relevant family-related determinants. Interventions aiming to promote F&V consumption and limit the consumption of unhealthy snacks in pre-schoolers should target on these mediators, but also identify new family-, school- or peer-related determinants, to enhance their effectiveness.
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