ReviewPharmaceutical research2018
Topical Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Addressing the Challenge of Preclinical to Clinical Translation.
Review in Pharmaceutical research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical Ocular Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Novel Tivozanib Eye Drops for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Ex Vivo Biodistribution of α-Lipoic Acid in the Eye Using Ocular Inserts: A Novel Strategy for Retinal Antioxidant Therapy.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Neuroprotection in Early Diabetic Retinal Disease Using Eyedrop Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Physiotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Directions-A Narrative Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Advances in microneedle Technology for Treatment of retinal degenerative diseases: a narrative review.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Review
- Pharmacological and Safety Evaluation of the Small Molecule MP-004 Following Topical Ocular Administration for the Treatment of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- The pathogenesis of müller cell glial-mesenchymal transition in retinal fibrosis-related eye diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Topical ophthalmic administration of the antiangiogenic peptide VIAN-c4551 protects against experimental diabetic macular edema.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Localization of fluorescent gold nanoparticles throughout the eye after topical administration.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Oleogels for the ocular delivery of epalrestat: formulation, in vitro, in ovo, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of High Melanin Binder Levofloxacin in Rabbits Shows Potential of Topical Eye Drops for Posterior Segment Treatment.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- The potential of brimonidine for myopia treatment: Targeting MMP-2 to regulate choroidal thickness and control eye growth.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Administration of Nicotine Can Inhibit Myopic Growth in Animal Models.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Enhanced Intrusion of Exogenous Airborne Fine Particles toward Eyes in Humans and Animals: Where Damaged Blood-Ocular Barrier Plays a Crucial Role.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Understanding the Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Next generation therapeutics for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Review
- Ocular and Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Enavogliflozin Ophthalmic Solution in Preclinical Species.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Design and Development of Ophthalmic Liposomes from the QbD Perspective.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- Drug delivery methods based on nanotechnology for the treatment of eye diseases.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Topical delivery of therapeutics to the posterior segment of the eye remains the "holy grail" of ocular drug delivery. As an example, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor biologics, such as ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab, are delivered by intravitreal injection to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration and, although these drugs have revolutionized treatment of the disease, less invasive alternatives to intravitreal injection are desired. Multiple reports in the literature have demonstrated topical delivery of both small and large molecules to the back of the eye in small animal models. Despite this progress, successful translation to larger species, and ultimately humans, has yet to be demonstrated. Selection of animal models with relevant ocular anatomy and physiology, along with appropriate experimental design, is critical to enable more relevant feasibility assessments and increased probability of successful translation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.