Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30374596›Full record

ArticleJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2019

The associations between serum vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 4 with the markers of blood-brain barrier breakdown in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.

Slawomir Michalak, Alicja Kalinowska-Lyszczarz, Joanna Rybacka-Mossakowska, Mikolaj Zaborowski, Wojciech Kozubski

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 39% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Slawomir MichalakDepartment of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
Alicja Kalinowska-LyszczarzDepartment of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland. akalinowskalyszczarz@ump.edu.pl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0618-1637
Joanna Rybacka-MossakowskaDepartment of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
Mikolaj ZaborowskiDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Wojciech KozubskiDepartment of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Poznan University of Medical Sciences · PL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a critical step in paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) development. Several cytokines have been implicated in BBB breakdown. However, the exact step-by-step mechanism in which PNS develops is unknown, and the relationship between a systemic neoplasm and BBB is multilevel. The aim of the present study was to examine serum markers of BBB breakdown (S100B protein, neuron-specific enolase, NSE) and concentrations of proinflammatory (TNF-alpha, VEGF) and anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-4), and to establish their interrelationship in patients with PNS. We analyzed 84 patients seropositive for onconeural antibodies that originated from a cohort of 250 cases with suspected PNS. Onconeural antibodies were estimated with indirect immunofluorescence and confirmed with Western blotting. Serum S-100B was estimated using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. NSE, VEGF, TNF-alpha and IL-4 were analyzed with ELISA. We found that S-100B protein and NSE serum concentrations were elevated in PNS patients without diagnosed malignancy, and S-100B additionally in patients with peripheral nervous system manifestation of PNS. Serum VEGF levels showed several abnormalities, including a decrease in anti-Hu positive patients and increase in PNS patients with typical manifestation and/or central nervous system involvement. Increase in TNF-alpha was observed in patients with undetermined antibodies. To conclude, the presence of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome in seropositive patients does not affect serum markers of BBB breakdown, with the exception of the group without clinically demonstrated malignancy and patients with peripheral manifestation of PNS. S-100B and NSE might increase during early phase of PNS. VEGF may be involved in typical PNS pathophysiology.

Indexed as

Blood-Brain BarrierAdultBiomarkersBiomarkers, TumorCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInterleukin-4MaleMiddle AgedParaneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous SystemPhosphopyruvate HydrataseS100 Calcium Binding Protein beta SubunitTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaVascular Endothelial Growth Factor ABiomarkersBiomarkers, TumorIL4 protein, humanInterleukin-4Phosphopyruvate HydrataseS100B protein, humanS100 Calcium Binding Protein beta SubunitTNF protein, humanTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVEGFA protein, humanInterleukin 4 (IL-4)Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)Paraneoplastic neurological syndromeS-100BTumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

Identifiers

PMID30374596
PMCPMC6373237
OpenAlexW2898759706

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.