Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30374524›Full record

ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2019

Developing combination strategies using PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancer.

Emmett V Schmidt

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Phase Ib Study of Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab in Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2020
    Trial
  2. Review
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  6. Review
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  9. Transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib and sintilimabWorld journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Tumor microenvironment antigens.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
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  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Emmett V SchmidtMerck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Emmett.Schmidt@Merck.Com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-9367

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

More than 3000 clinical trials are evaluating the clinical activity of the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapies and in combinations with other cancer therapies [1]. The PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors are remarkable for their clinical activities in shrinking tumors across a wide range of tumor types, in causing durable responses, and in their tolerability. These attributes position them as favorable agents in clinical combinations. Historically, approaches to cancer therapy combinations focused on agents with orthogonal activities to avoid shared resistance mechanisms and shared toxicities. Although CTLA-4/PD-1 combinations have progressed based on possible immune interactions, additional approaches have used more orthogonal treatments such as standard of care chemotherapies and anti-angiogenesis inhibitors. Using the concept of independent activity pioneered by Bliss [2], examples of these approaches were compared. Both standard of care chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis combinations show promising clinical activity above that predicted by the independent contributions of the agents tested on their own. In contrast, the combinations of CTLA4/PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors in renal cancer and melanoma show no more activity than that predicted by the independent contributions of the monotherapies. This update on approaches to the development of clinical combination therapies highlights the potential importance of combining PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors with a broad range of clinically active partners.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCombined Modality TherapyDrug Resistance, NeoplasmHumansImmunomodulationMolecular Targeted TherapyNeoplasmsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorTreatment OutcomeTumor BurdenAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalBiomarkers, TumorProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorImmune checkpoint inhibitorIndependent actionPD-1PD-L1Pembrolizumab

Identifiers

PMID30374524
PMCPMC6323091

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.