ArticleScientific reports2018
Evaluating polymicrobial immune responses in patients suffering from tick-borne diseases.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serologic biomarker discovery for differentiating Lyme disease from diseases with similar clinical symptoms using broad profiling of antibody binding.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical Algorithm and Diagnostic Tools for Lyme Disease.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Microbes and Mental Illness: Past, Present, and Future.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Effectiveness of Microdosed Psilocybin in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Lyme Disease: A Case Study.International medical case reports journal · 2023Article
- Application of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Oral Microbial Detection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Physical Therapist Recognition and Referral of Individuals With Suspected Lyme Disease.Physical therapy · 2021Review
- Assessing the Need for Multiplex and Multifunctional Tick-Borne Disease Test in Routine Clinical Laboratory Samples from Lyme Disease and Febrile Patients with a History of a Tick Bite.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- Polymicrobial Nature of Tick-Borne Diseases.mBio · 2019Article
- Article
- TickPath Layerplex: adaptation of a real-time PCR methodology for the simultaneous detection and molecular surveillance of tick-borne pathogens.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Human Bartonellosis: An Underappreciated Public Health Problem?Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern · 2020-10-14Concerns/Issues about Data ·
- Retraction · 2022-02-21Concerns/Issues about Data · Investigation by Company/Institution · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s) ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is insufficient evidence to support screening of various tick-borne diseases (TBD) related microbes alongside Borrelia in patients suffering from TBD. To evaluate the involvement of multiple microbial immune responses in patients experiencing TBD we utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Four hundred and thirty-two human serum samples organized into seven categories followed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention two-tier Lyme disease (LD) diagnosis guidelines and Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines for post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. All patient categories were tested for their immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) responses against 20 microbes associated with TBD. Our findings recognize that microbial infections in patients suffering from TBDs do not follow the one microbe, one disease Germ Theory as 65% of the TBD patients produce immune responses to various microbes. We have established a causal association between TBD patients and TBD associated co-infections and essential opportunistic microbes following Bradford Hill's criteria. This study indicated an 85% probability that a randomly selected TBD patient will respond to Borrelia and other related TBD microbes rather than to Borrelia alone. A paradigm shift is required in current healthcare policies to diagnose TBD so that patients can get tested and treated even for opportunistic infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.