Trial reportJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2018
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Modulation of Neuronal Exosome Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Trial report in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Value of blood neural cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Pooled it
- Exosomes in the Field of Neuroscience: A Scientometric Study and Visualization Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The Diagnostic Value of Exosome-Derived Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Neurogranin as a cognitive biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid and blood exosomes for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Modulation of Amyloid-β and Tau in Alzheimer's Disease Plasma Neuronal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Cerebrolysin® and Donepezil.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Trial
- The effect of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognition and brain connectivity in adults with cognition ranging from normal to mild cognitive impairment.eNeurologicalSci · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease: Dual Roles in Pathogenesis, Promising Avenues for Diagnosis and Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Actions in the Brain and Neuropsychiatric Diseases.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Article
- A peripheral proteomic signature of Alzheimer's disease is identified in the plasma extracellular vesicles of mild cognitive impairment patients from a memory clinic: the BIOPEXAL study.Research square · 2025Article
- Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Biomarkers and Functional Mediators in Alzheimer's Disease, With Comparative Insights Into Neurodevelopment and Aging.Developmental neurobiology · 2025Review
- Detection and Isolation of Tissue-Specific Extracellular Vesicles From the Blood.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Review
- Measurement of α-synuclein as protein cargo in plasma extracellular vesicles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Evolving Role of Exosomes in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Dermatology.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Comparison of plasma soluble and extracellular vesicles-associated biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease patients and cognitively normal individuals.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024Article
- Cognitive performance during senescence in untreated congenital isolated GH deficiency.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Unlocking the potential of exercise: harnessing myokines to delay musculoskeletal aging and improve cognitive health.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Extracellular vesicles, the emerging mirrors of brain physiopathology.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Age-related changes in cognition are linked to decreased expression of somatotropins, GHRH and IGF-1. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are heterogeneous conditions. The loss of GHRH signaling in the brain may be mechanistically involved in AD pathogenesis. The consequent need to identify AD at an early and perhaps more treatable stage has fueled research into blood-based, exosome biomarkers. Plasma exosomes from participants enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 20-week trial of GHRH administration, were isolated, precipitated, and enriched by immuno-absorption with anti-L1CAM antibody (neural adhesion protein) from adults with MCI and age-matched, cognitively normal controls (CNC). Extracted protein cargo from neuronally-derived exosomes (NDEs) were assessed by ELISAs for protein levels implicated in AD neuropathology and for synaptic proteins altered by AD. Plasma NDE concentrations of Aβ1-42 were significantly increased while plasma NDE concentrations of NRGN, synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, and synaptopodin were significantly decreased in patients with MCI, independent of GHRH treatment. Plasma NDE concentrations of ptau-S396 and GAP43 were not affected by cognitive status (CNC versus MCI) or by GHRH treatment. Aβ1-42, neurogranin (NRGN), synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, and synaptopodin demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between CNC and MCI patients, while synaptophysin and synaptotagmin demonstrated moderate accuracy in distinguishing between placebo-treated and GHRH-treated, MCI patients.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.