ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2018
Race/Ethnicity and the Prognostic Implications of Coronary Artery Calcium for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: The Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coronary artery calcium score-emerging role for opportunistic screening on thoracic CT and novel applications.The British journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Sex-specific cardiovascular risk prediction using AI-derived epicardial adipose tissue measurements on CT calcium scoring exams.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Race and Ethnic-Specific Burden of Aortic Valve Calcium and Its Association With Long-Term Aortic Stenosis: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging · 2026Article
- Evaluation of an artificial intelligence model for opportunistic Agatston scoring on non-gated chest computed tomography.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of coronary artery calcium scores on cardiovascular risk and preventive therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Global cardiology science & practice · 2025Review
- Article
- Coronary Artery Calcium for Risk Stratification of Heart Failure Mortality: The Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium.Journal of cardiac failure · 2025Article
- Investigating ethnic differences in risk factors and severity of developing premature coronary artery disease: Predicting the effect of risk factors through decision tree analysis in a multicenter case-control study; Results from Iran Premature Coronary Artery Disease (IPAD study).Journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research · 2025Article
- Burden of Valvular Heart Diseases in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population: The Bronx-Valve Registry.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Computed tomography provides a "one-stop-shop" targeted analysis for coronary artery calcification and osteoporosis: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Time in the United States and walking for physical activity among Black Californians: Findings from the California Health Interview Survey (2012-2017).Journal of migration and health · 2025Article
- Comparison of Coronary Artery Calcium and Quantitative Coronary Plaque in Predicting Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Subgroup Analysis of the CLARIFY Study.Heart international · 2024Article
- Coronary Artery Calcium Score as a Graded Decision Tool.JACC. Advances · 2023Article
- Calcium Scoring to Classify Aortic Valve Stenosis Severity: What Is the Current Data?Current cardiology reports · 2023Review
- Interplay Between Zero CAC, Quantitative Plaque Analysis, and Adverse Events in a Diverse Patient Cohort.Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging · 2023Article
- Prevalence of coronary artery calcification in a multiethnic population in Angola.Global cardiology science & practice · 2023Article
- Visceral adipose tissue is an independent predictor and mediator of the progression of coronary calcification: a prospective sub-analysis of the GEA study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Article
- Diagnostic Cardiac CT for the Improvement of Cardiovascular Event Prediction.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Article
- The novel HFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events; however, less is known about how its prognostic implications vary by race/ethnicity. Methods and Results A total of 38 277 whites, 1621 Asians, 977 blacks, and 1349 Hispanics from the CAC Consortium (mean age 55 years, 35% women) were followed over a median of 11.7 years. Modeling CAC in continuous and categorical (CAC=0; CAC 1-99; CAC 100-399; CAC ≥400) forms, we assessed its predictive value for all-cause and CVD mortality by race/ethnicity using Cox proportional hazards and Fine and Gray competing-risk regression, respectively. We also assessed the impact of race/ethnicity on risk within individual CAC strata, using whites as the reference. Models were adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Increased CAC was associated with higher total and CVD mortality risk in all race/ethnicity groups, including Asians. However, the risk gradient with increasing CAC was more pronounced in blacks and Hispanics. In Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards models adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and CAC (continuous), blacks (subdistribution hazard ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval, 2.5-4.8) and Hispanics (subdistribution hazard ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval, 1.6-3.2) showed greater risk of CVD mortality when compared with whites, while Asians had risk similar to whites. These race/ethnic differences persisted when CAC=0. Conclusions CAC predicts all-cause and CVD mortality in all studied race/ethnicity groups, including Asians and Hispanics, who may be poorly represented by the Pooled Cohort Equations. Blacks and Hispanics may have greater mortality risk compared with whites and Asians after adjusting for atherosclerosis burden, with potential implications for US race/ethnic healthcare disparities research.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.