ReviewBioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology2018
Evolution of Antigenic Variation in African Trypanosomes: Variant Surface Glycoprotein Expression, Structure, and Function.
Review in BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoinformatics Approach for the Designing of a Novel mRNA Vaccine Candidate Against Trypanosoma brucei.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- De Novo Assembly of the Trypanosoma congolense Genome Reveals an Organization Influenced by Antigenic Variation but Distinct from Trypanosoma brucei.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Quality Control in GPI-Anchored Proteins: The Central Role of the Lipid Anchor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Trypanosome bloodstream-specific flagellum attachment proteins can mediate attachment in an insect surface coat environment.Journal of cell science · 2026Article
- Multifunctional roles of Sec13 paralogues in the euglenozoanOpen biology · 2025Article
- Multifunctional Roles of Sec13 Paralogues in the EuglenozoanbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Beyond the VSG layer: Exploring the role of intrinsic disorder in the invariant surface glycoproteins of African trypanosomes.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Properties and Mechanisms of Deletions, Insertions, and Substitutions in the Evolutionary History of SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Multiparameter ranking of carbazoles for anti-trypanosome lead discovery.Frontiers in drug discovery · 2024Article
- Meta-analysis of the Vmp-like sequences of Lyme diseaseFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Recent Progress in the Detection of Surra, a Neglected Disease Caused byMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- A structural classification of the variant surface glycoproteins of the African trypanosome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- UMSBP2 is chromatin remodeler that functions in regulation of gene expression and suppression of antigenic variation in trypanosomes.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Article
- Structural similarities between the metacyclic and bloodstream form variant surface glycoproteins of the African trypanosome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Hypothesis-generating proteome perturbation to identify NEU-4438 and acoziborole modes of action in the African Trypanosome.iScience · 2022Article
- Article
- Turnover of Variant Surface Glycoprotein in Trypanosoma brucei Is Not Altered in Response to Specific Silencing.mSphere · 2022Article
- Tipping the balance between erythroid cell differentiation and induction of anemia in response to the inflammatory pathology associated with chronic trypanosome infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Immunoinformatic design of a putative multi-epitope vaccine candidate againstComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The process of antigenic variation in parasitic African trypanosomes is a remarkable mechanism for outwitting the immune system of the mammalian host, but it requires a delicate balancing act for the monoallelic expression, folding and transport of a single variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). Only one of hundreds of VSG genes is expressed at time, and this from just one of ≈15 dedicated expression sites. By switching expression of VSGs the parasite presents a continuously shifting antigenic facade leading to prolonged chronic infections lasting months to years. The basics of VSG structure and switching have been known for several decades, but recent studies have brought higher resolution to many aspects this process. New VSG structures, in silico modeling of infections, studies of VSG codon usage, and experimental ablation of VSG expression provide insights that inform how this remarkable system may have evolved.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.