ReviewAdvances in radiation oncology
Exploring optimal sequencing of radiation and immunotherapy combinations.
Review in Advances in radiation oncology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Quantification of Scheduling Impact on Safety and Efficacy Outcomes of Brain Metastasis Radio- and Immuno-Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant Early Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Followed by Chemoimmunotherapy in Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Radiation as an immune modulator: mechanisms and implications for combination with immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Preliminary exploration of the optimal timing of chemoimmunotherapy combined with radiotherapy for oligometastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and analysis of prognostic factors: a multicenter retrospective study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of the immune checkpoint inhibitor-radiotherapy combination in advanced/unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Current status and challenge (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Safety and toxicity risks of radiotherapy combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: A comprehensive review.iScience · 2025Review
- Combination of radiotherapy and ICIs in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review of current evidence and future prospects (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Bioinspired intratumoral infusion port catheter improves local drug delivery in the liver.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Abscopal effect: from a rare phenomenon to a new frontier in cancer therapy.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy and transarterial embolization in patients with metastatic melanoma: a retrospective cohort study.Immunotherapy · 2024Article
- A retrospective comparative cohort study: concurrent versus consolidative immunotherapy with chemoradiotherapy in EGFR- or ALK-negative unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2023Article
- Radioimmunotherapy With WT1 Dendritic Cell Vaccine for End-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Markedly Shrinks Tumors.Cureus · 2023Article
- A review on lymphocyte radiosensitivity and its impact on radiotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Anti-PD-1/Anti-PD-L1 Drugs and Radiation Therapy: Combinations and Optimization Strategies.Cancers · 2021Review
- Roadmap: proton therapy physics and biology.Physics in medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Exploiting Radiation Therapy to Restore Immune Reactivity of Glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- The abscopal effect in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy and nivolumab: a case report and literature review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2020Review
- Radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in the immunotherapy era: the opportunity and challenge-a narrative review.Translational lung cancer research · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this article is to assemble, review, and provide a synopsis of the historical and current literature regarding optimal sequencing of radiation (RT) and immunotherapy combination treatments. MATERIALS AND
methodsA review of the literature was performed using PubMed with the query "radiation" and "Immunotherapy", "PD1", "PDL1", "CTLA4", "OX40", "checkpoint", "vaccine", "macrophage", "STING", and "TGFbeta". Studies that included sequencing of therapy were evaluated and the studies were included at the authors discretion.
resultsA paucity of primary literature exists examining the best order of radiation and immunotherapy, most of which was performed in the pre-clinical setting. The observations are that optimal sequencing of various radiation plus immune therapy combinations is dependent on the mechanism(s) of activation by the combination treatment. Immunosuppressive molecules tend to be better inhibited prior to RT while engagement of costimulatory genes is better activated concomitantly with RT.
conclusionsThese data should compel more basic research into both the direct investigation of sequencing efficacy and studies on the mechanisms of immune mediated cell death potentiated by radio-therapy.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.