Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30370054›Full record

ReviewAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2018

Developing a novel framework for non-technical skills learning strategies for undergraduates: A systematic review.

Marios Nicolaides, Luca Cardillo, Iakovos Theodoulou, John Hanrahan, Georgios Tsoulfas, Thanos Athanasiou, Apostolos Papalois, Michail Sideris

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Marios NicolaidesBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom.
Luca CardilloFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
Iakovos TheodoulouFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
John HanrahanFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
Georgios TsoulfasDepartment of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
Thanos AthanasiouImperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Apostolos PapaloisExperimental Research Centre ELPEN, 95 Marathonos Avenue, 19009, Pikermi, Greece.
Michail SiderisObstetrics and Gynecology, London Deanery, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThere is substantial lack of guidance when it comes to the implementation of non-technical skills (NTS) in undergraduate medical education. This review aimed to identify and critically evaluate published literature on learning strategies for NTS in undergraduate medical education and to derive a training framework targeted towards standardizing future training interventions.

methodsA systematic review of the MEDLINE database was performed using a prospective protocol following PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating undergraduate medical students exposed to NTS interventions, which measured subjective or objective outcomes in selected attributes, were included.

resultsInitial systematic search yielded a total of 5079 articles, out of which 68 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 24 NTS were identified, with communication skills being the most commonly reported skill evaluated (n = 37). A variety of educational tools were used (n = 32), noteworthy being the use of simulated patients. Great heterogeneity was also observed in measured outcomes and methods of assessment. A 'triad of outcomes' in NTS training was devised (knowledge, skill performance and attitude towards skills) and used for classification of all reported outcomes. Extracted data were used to design a non-technical skill training framework.

conclusionsThe existing literature describes a plethora of NTS interventions in undergraduate medical education, with varied outcomes and assessments. We hereby propose the 'NTS Training Framework', in an attempt to coordinate future research and catalyze the identification of an ideal NTS course structure to form tomorrow's physicians.

Indexed as

Communication skillsFrameworkLearningNon-technical skillsUndergraduate medical education

Identifiers

PMID30370054
PMCPMC6199815

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.