ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2018
Estimated Life Expectancy Without Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Vascular Disease: The SMART-REACH Model.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Advances in Primordial, Primary, and Secondary Prevention of Stroke in Diverse Populations.Stroke · 2024Pooled it
- Validation of the SMART-REACH model after stroke and the effect of colchicine by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk category: a secondary analysis of the CONVINCE randomised clinical trial.European stroke journal · 2026Trial
- Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Risk prediction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the LIFE-Preserved model.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Prediction of incident heart failure in established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: the SMART2-HF model.European heart journal · 2026Article
- External Validation of SELECT Trial-Derived Cardiovascular Risk Equations in a UK Population with Overweight or Obesity and Established Cardiovascular Disease Without Diabetes.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Potential impact on cholesterol goal achievement and predicted cardiovascular risk by the addition of ezetimibe and bempedoic acid on top of statins: a simulation from the SANTORINI study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Time to first cigarette after waking and incident heart failure: a dose-response analysis from the UK biobank.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- The 'Advancing Cardiovascular Risk Identification with Structured Clinical Documentation and Biosignal Derived Phenotypes Synthesis' project: conceptual design, project planning, and first implementation experiences.European heart journal. Digital health · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular risk assessment in daily clinical practice: when and how to use a risk score.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Estimating the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in U.S. Veterans Using the SMART Risk Score.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- Prediction of Severe Baseline Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Subsequent Risk of Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease.Stroke · 2024Article
- From Atherosclerotic Plaque to Myocardial Infarction-The Leading Cause of Coronary Artery Occlusion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Risk-stratified analysis of long-term clinical outcomes and cumulative costs in Finnish patients with recent acute coronary syndrome or coronary revascularization: a 5-year real-world study using electronic health records.European heart journal open · 2024Article
- Risk estimation for recurrent cardiovascular events using the SMART-REACH model and direct inpatient cost profiling in Indonesian ASCVD patients: a large-scale multicenter study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Residual cardiovascular risk, use of standard care treatments, and achievement of treatment goals in patients with cardiovascular disease.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2023Article
- A Web-Based Application for Risk Stratification and Optimization in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Pilot Study.JMIR cardio · 2023Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular risk and lifetime benefit from preventive treatment in type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the CAPTURE study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background In patients with vascular disease, risk models may support decision making on novel risk reducing interventions, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors or anti-inflammatory agents. We developed and validated an innovative model to estimate life expectancy without recurrent cardiovascular events for individuals with coronary, cerebrovascular, and/or peripheral artery disease that enables estimation of preventive treatment effect in lifetime gained. Methods and Results Study participants originated from prospective cohort studies: the SMART (Secondary Manifestations of Arterial Disease) cohort and REACH (Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health) cohorts of 14 259 ( REACH Western Europe), 19 170 ( REACH North America) and 6959 ( SMART , The Netherlands) patients with cardiovascular disease. The SMART-REACH model to estimate life expectancy without recurrent events was developed in REACH Western Europe as a Fine and Gray competing risk model incorporating cardiovascular risk factors. Validation was performed in REACH North America and SMART . Outcomes were (1) cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death) and (2) noncardiovascular death. Predictors were sex, smoking, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, creatinine, number of cardiovascular disease locations, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. Calibration plots showed high agreement between estimated and observed prognosis in SMART and REACH North America. C-statistics were 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.70) in SMART and 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.68) in REACH North America. Performance of the SMART-REACH model was better compared with existing risk scores and adds the possibility of estimating lifetime gained by novel therapies. Conclusions The externally validated SMART-REACH model could be used for estimation of anticipated improvements in life expectancy without recurrent cardiovascular events in individual patients with cardiovascular disease in Western Europe and North America.
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