ReviewMalaria journal2018
Post-malaria neurological syndrome: four cases, review of the literature and clarification of the nosological framework.
Review in Malaria journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical presentation and immunological features of Post-Malaria Neurologic Syndrome: a case report and review of literature.Malaria journal · 2020Pooled it
- A Case Series of Transient Neuropsychiatric Manifestations Following Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Anti-NMDAR encephalitis following malaria: expanding the spectrum of post-malarial neurological syndromes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Quality of care and post-discharge morbidity among children diagnosed with severe malaria in rural Uganda: A prospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- The Nociceptive and Inflammatory Responses Induced by the Ehrlich Solid Tumor Are Changed in Mice Healed ofJournal of parasitology research · 2024Article
- Emerging and Re-Emerging Parasitic Infections of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in Europe.Infectious disease reports · 2023Review
- Post-malarial neurological syndrome in a Gambian adult residing in the Gambia: a case report and a review of literature.Malaria journal · 2023Review
- Neurological Complications of Malaria.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2022Review
- Acute Cerebellar Inflammation and Related Ataxia: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Pipecolic Acid, a Putative Mediator of the Encephalopathy of Cerebral Malaria and the Experimental Model of Cerebral Malaria.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Falciparum malaria associated acute kidney injury with polyneuropathy and intra-arterial thrombosis (stroke).European journal of medical research · 2022Article
- Neurological manifestations following cured malaria: don't forget post-malaria neurological syndrome.African health sciences · 2021Article
- Case Report: An Adolescent Girl with Isolated Neuropsychiatric Features and Apparent Post-Malaria Neurological Syndrome.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPost-malaria neurological syndrome (PMNS) is a debated entity, defined by neurological complications following a post-malaria symptom-free period and a negative blood smear. Four cases of PMNS are hereby reported and a review the literature performed to clarify the nosological framework of this syndrome.
methodsA French teaching hospital infectious diseases database was investigated for all PMNS cases occurring between 1999 and 2016 and the PubMed database for cases reported by other institutions after 1997. A case was defined by the de novo appearance of neurological signs following a post-malaria symptom-free period, a negative blood smear, and no bacterial or viral differential diagnoses.
resultsFour patients from the database and 48 from PubMed, including 4 following Plasmodium vivax infection were found matching the definition. In the institution, the estimated PMNS incidence rate was 1.7 per 1000 malaria cases overall. Of the 52 patients (mean age 33 years), 65% were men. Malaria was severe in 85% of cases, showed neurological involvement in 53%, and treated with quinine in 60%, mefloquine in 46%, artemisinin derivatives in 41%, antifolic drugs in 30%, doxycycline in 8% and other types in 8%. The mean symptom-free period was 15 days. PMNS signs were confusion (72%), fever (46%), seizures (35%), cerebellar impairment (28%), psychosis (26%), and motor disorders (13%). Cerebrospinal fluid analyses showed high protein levels in 77% (mean 1.88 g/L) and lymphocytic meningitis in 59.5% (mean 48 WBC/mm
conclusionPMNS is a rare entity englobing neurological signs after severe or non-severe malaria. It appears after a symptom-free period. PMNS occurred following treatment of malaria with a wide range of anti-malarials. The disease is self-limiting and associated with good outcome. MRI patterns underline a possible link with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or auto-immune encephalitis. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax should be added to the list of pathogens causing ADEM.
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