ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2019
A novel method to assess rate of force relaxation: reliability and comparisons with rate of force development across various muscles.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- From twitch to relaxation: Obesity dysregulates muscle contractile function.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Does Obesity Affect the Rate of Force Development in Plantar Flexor Muscles among Older Adults?Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The rate of force development scaling factor: a review of underlying factors, assessment methods and potential for practical applications.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Review
- Advancements in the Protocol for Rate of Force Development/Relaxation Scaling Factor Evaluation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Quantification of Inter-Limb Symmetries With Rate of Force Development and Relaxation Scaling Factor.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe ability to generate quick submaximal muscle forces followed by quick relaxations is essential for various athletic and daily tasks. While force generation has been studied extensively, the studies of force relaxation are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to develop the rate of force relaxation scaling factor (RFR-SF) as a kinetic variable to assess the ability to relax submaximal muscle forces quickly.
methodsThirteen young adults performed rapid isometric force pulses to various submaximal levels in two different sessions. We compared RFR-SF with rate of development scaling factor (RFD-SF) in grip force muscles (GF), elbow (EE), and knee extensors (KE) and tested its reliability. Both RFD-SF and RFR-SF were calculated as the slopes of the linear relationship between peak forces and the corresponding peak rates of force development and relaxation, respectively.
resultsRFR-SFs were mainly different among the tested muscle groups (GF 8.22 ± 0.76 1/s; EE 7.64 ± 0.92 1/s; KE 6.01 ± 1.75 1/s) and there was no correlation among them (all p > 0.05). Within each tested muscle group, RFR-SF was lower than RFD-SF (GF 9.29 ± 1.05 1/s; EE 10.75 ± 0.87 1/s; KE 9.66 ± 0.89 1/s; all p < 0.001). The reliability of RFR-SF was moderate to good across the tested muscles (ICCs between 0.54 and 0.76 and all CVs < 15%).
conclusionThe RFR-SF is a clinically relevant kinetic variable that can reliably quantify the ability to relax a muscle force quickly. Future studies should assess both RFD-SF and RFR-SF as they represent different properties of the neuromuscular system.
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