Observational studyEBioMedicine2018
Genetic influence of Toll-like receptors on non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis: An observational cohort study.
Observational study in EBioMedicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06178627 (A Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized Trial of Amphotericin B in the Initial Antifungal Therapy for Non-HIV Cryptococcal Meningitis Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized Trial of Amphotericin B in the Initial Antifungal Therapy for Non-HIV Cryptococcal Meningitis Patients
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk-Based Estimate of Human Fungal Disease Burden, China.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Review
- Cryptococcus: Emerging host risk factors for infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Variants rs3804099 and rs3804100 in theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Molecular Diagnostics ofDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Exploiting antifungal immunity in the clinical context.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Cryptococcal Meningitis: Differences between Patients with and without HIV-Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cryptococcosis in Southern China: Insights from a Six-Year Retrospective Study in Eastern Guangdong.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Observational
- Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in Cryptococcal Meningitis: Evidence From a Cohort Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- The Association of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR9 Gene Polymorphisms With Susceptibility to Talaromycosis Among Han Chinese AIDS Patients in Guangdong.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Observational
- Host Genetics Takes a Toll on Immunity to Cryptococcus.EBioMedicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a significant source of mortality, the pathogenesis of which has not been fully understood, especially in non-HIV infected populations. We aimed to explore the potential genetic influence of Toll-like receptor (TLR) on non-HIV CM.
methodsThis observational cohort study was done in two stages: a discovery stage and a validation stage. A case-control genetic association study was conducted between 159 non-HIV CM patients and 468 healthy controls. TLR SNPs significantly related to susceptibility went further validation in a second cohort of 583 subjects from a certain district. Associations among TLR SNPs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine concentrations, and clinical severity were explored in a third cohort of 99 previously untreated non-HIV CM patients. Logistic regression model was used to determine the independent predictors for disease severity.
findingsIn the discovery stage, eight TLR SNPs exhibited significant genetic susceptibility to non-HIV CM, one of which was validated in a population validation of HIV-infected cases while none survived in non-HIV cases. CSF cytokine detections showed that 18 cytokines were significantly over-expressed in severely ill patients. Two of the 8 SNPs (rs5743604 and rs3804099) were also significantly associated with disease severity. Specifically, the rs3804099 C/T genotype was further found to be correlated to 12 of the 18 up-regulated cytokines in severe patients. In addition, high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 in CSF (OR 2·97, 95% CI 1·49-5·90; p = 0·002) was suggested as an independent predictor for severity after adjusted for possible confounders.
interpretationTLR participates in both the occurrence and the pathogenesis of non-HIV CM. The in situ immune responses of CM were under genetic influence of TLR and contributed to disease severity. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program).
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