Trial reportToxins2018
Botulinum Toxin Injections and Electrical Stimulation for Spastic Paresis Improve Active Hand Function Following Stroke.
Trial report in Toxins, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Electrical Stimulation Post Botulinum Toxin Injections on Functional Use of the Hemiparetic Upper Extremity
Efficacy of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Combined With Task- Oriented Training on Upper Limb Recovery in Post-Stroke Patients With Spastic Hemiparesis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Strength Changes on Active Function Following Botulinum Neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A): A Systematic Review.Toxins · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Combined effects and timing of robotic training and botulinum toxin on upper limb spasticity and motor function: a single‑blinded randomized controlled pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Gait analysis using a suit-type wearable device in rehabilitation therapy after stroke: A case report.Medicine · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of mixed reality-based rehabilitation on hands and fingers by individual finger-movement tracking in patients with stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Botulinum toxin treatment may improve myoelectric pattern recognition in robot-assisted stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Lumbar epidural steroid injection for spasticity in paraplegic spinal cord injury: A case report.SAGE open medical case reports · 2024Article
- Early is Better, Then, How Early and How to Apply: Practical Approach of Botulinum Toxin Injection.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2023Article
- Management of Upper-Limb Spasticity Using Modern Rehabilitation Techniques versus Botulinum Toxin Injections Following Stroke.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Stroke Recovery Is a Journey: Prediction and Potentials of Motor Recovery after a Stroke from a Practical Perspective.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Observational
- Passive Properties of the Wrist and Fingers Following Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: Interlimb Comparisons in Persons With and Without a Clinical Treatment History That Includes Botulinum Neurotoxin.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections improve muscle tone and range of motion (ROM) among stroke patients with upper limb spasticity. However, the efficacy of BTX-A injections for improving active function is unclear. We aimed to determine whether BTX-A injections with electrical stimulation (ES) of hand muscles could improve active hand function (AHF) among chronic stroke patients. Our open-label, pilot study included 15 chronic stroke patients. Two weeks after BTX-A injections into the finger and/or wrist flexors, ES of finger extensors was performed while wearing a wrist brace for 4 weeks (5 days per week; 30-min sessions). Various outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately before BTX-A injections, and 2 and 6 weeks after BTX-A injections. After the intervention, we noted significant improvements in Box and Block test results, Action Research Arm Test results, the number of repeated finger flexions/extensions, which reflect AHF, and flexor spasticity. Moreover, significant improvements in active ROM of wrist extension values were accompanied by marginally significant changes in Medical Research Council wrist extensor and active ROM of wrist flexion values. In conclusion, BTX-A injections into the finger and/or wrist flexors followed by ES of finger extensors improve AHF among chronic stroke patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.