Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2020
Measurement of Electronic Cigarette Frequency of Use Among Smokers Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Trial Participants' Perceptions of the Impact of Ecological Momentary Assessment on Smoking Behaviors: Qualitative Analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Trial
- Sub-acute dihydroxyacetone exposure alters mitochondria and induces cardiac strain.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- A Preconception Cohort Study of Nicotine Vaping and Incidence of Spontaneous Abortion.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Motives and Risk Perceptions Among Young Adults Engaged in Frequent Vaping and Dual Cannabis Use: Implications for Prevention and Intervention.Journal of psychoactive drugs · 2026Article
- Chemosensory tobacco product toxicology part 2: toxicological testing, assays, and state of the science.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Health: Analytic Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Inhalation exposure to dihydroxyacetone promotes lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in A/J mice.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Insights into the effect of pre- and postnatal nicotine exposure on cardiovascular development and function.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Acute exposure to dihydroxyacetone promotes genotoxicity and chromosomal instability in lung, cardiac, and liver cell models.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Conditions Leading to Ketene Formation in Vaping Devices and Implications for Public Health.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- A tipping point in dihydroxyacetone exposure: mitochondrial stress and metabolic reprogramming alter survival in rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells.Chemico-biological interactions · 2024Article
- Prevalence and social determinants associated with oral cancer in Al-Baha Region of Saudi Arabia: A seven-year retrospective cohort hospital-based study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe United States Food and Drug Administration has prioritized understanding the dependence potential of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs). Dependence is often estimated in part by examining frequency of use; however measures of e-cig use are not well developed because of varying product types. This study used an e-cig automatic puff counter to evaluate the value of self-reported e-cig use measures in predicting actual use (puffs).
methodsData were collected from a two-site randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effects of e-cigs on toxicant exposure in smokers attempting to reduce their cigarette consumption. Participants randomized to an e-cig condition self-reported their e-cig frequency of use (times per day-one "time" consists of around 15 puffs or lasts around 10 minutes) on the Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (PSECDI) and kept daily diary records of the number of puffs per day from the e-cig automatic puff counter. A linear mixed-effects model was used to determine the predictive value of the times per day measure. Correlations were used to further investigate the relationship.
resultsA total of 259 participants with 1165 observations of e-cig use were analyzed. Self-reported e-cig use in times per day was a significant predictor of e-cig puffs per day (p < .01). The Spearman correlation between measures was r equal to .58. Examination of individual participant responses revealed some potential difficulties reporting and interpreting times per day because of the difference in use patterns between cigarettes and e-cigs.
conclusionThis study provides evidence that the self-reported PSECDI measure of times per day is a significant predictor of actual frequency of e-cig puffs taken. IMPLICATIONS: Self-reported measures of e-cig frequency of use are predictive of actual use, but quantifying e-cig use in patterns similar to cigarettes is problematic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.