ArticleGlobal social welfare : research, policy & practice2018
The syndemic effect of injection drug use, intimate partner violence, and HIV on mental health among drug-involved women in Kazakhstan.
Article in Global social welfare : research, policy & practice, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender-based violence syndemics in global health: A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Reducing Partner Violence Against Women who Exchange Sex and use Drugs through a Combination Microfinance and HIV Risk Reduction Intervention: A Cluster Randomized Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- The syndemic of incarceration, violence victimisation, needle/syringe sharing, & HIV infection: A population-based study of men who inject drugs in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- A Syndemic Clustering of Adversities on Suicide Risk among YMSM Living with HIV in Bangkok: A Causal Latent Class Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Depression and anxiety among people living with HIV and key populations at risk for HIV in the Eastern European and Central Asian region: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Earlier sexual debut as a risk factor for substance use among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kazakhstan.Global social welfare : research, policy & practice · 2024Article
- A Trauma-Informed HIV Intervention (LinkPositively) to Improve HIV Care Among Black Women Affected by Interpersonal Violence: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Depression, injecting drug use, and risky sexual behavior syndemic among women who inject drugs in Kenya: a cross-sectional survey.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We examined the synergistic effect of substance use (injection drug use), intimate partner violence, and HIV (dubbed the "SAVA syndemic") on depression and suicidal thoughts among a sample of high-risk women in Kazakhstan, a country with a notably high prevalence of suicide and violence against women, and concentrated epidemics of HIV and injection drug use. Using baseline data from an intervention study conducted in Almaty, Kazakhstan among 364 drug-involved couples, multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the SAVA syndemic continuum and mental health. Compared to women reporting none of the SAVA conditions, women who experienced the full range of the SAVA syndemic continuum had a 15.5-fold odds (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.