ReviewFrontiers in neurology2018
Detection Methods for Autoantibodies in Suspected Autoimmune Encephalitis.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Features Associated With Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Pooled it
- High-grade gliomas with autoimmune encephalitis-like presentation: case report and systematic review of the literature.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Associated with Ovarian Teratoma: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Frequency of anti-neural antibodies and autoimmune epilepsy in focal epilepsy of unknown etiology: An observational study in a Singaporean cohort.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis in eastern China over last decade: a multi-center retrospective study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Autoimmune-associated epilepsy: definitions and diagnosis - a narrative review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Review
- Detection of Diagnostic Antibodies in Immune-Mediated Diseases: A Focus on Antigens and Technologies.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Review
- Neuronal autoantibodies in neurodegenerative dementia: From evidence to clinical framework.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Review
- Co-occurrence of viral encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis: overlapping peaks encephalitis or coincidence condition?BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Testing for neural antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis: who, what, where, when, why, and how.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Review
- Binding patterns of glycine receptor autoantibodies are related to clinical syndromes.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Coexistence of CN1A autoantibodies in GAD65 encephalitis exacerbates neurodegeneration : Novel autoantibodies in GAD65 encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- The role of autoantibodies in Alzheimer's disease: Pathogenetic connections or epiphenomena?Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Abnormal CSF-Specific OCBs in Neuronal Surface Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Differentiating from Viral Encephalitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomic signatures in paediatric MOGAD and POMS.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Anti-Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 5(CV2/CRMP5) and Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Antibodies-Mediated Encephalopathy Mimicking Atypical Parkinsonism.Neurology international · 2024Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis and Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-like Manifestations.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Clinical characteristics of double negative atypical inflammatory demyelinating disease: A prospective study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Cell-based vs enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of anti-Tribbles homolog 2 autoantibodies in Chinese patients with narcolepsy.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- The central helicase domain holds the major conformational epitopes of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 autoantibodies.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
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12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This review provides an overview on different antibody test methods that can be applied in cases of suspected paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) and anti-neuronal autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) in order to explain their diagnostic value, describe potential pitfalls and limitations, and discuss novel approaches aimed at discovering further autoantibodies. Onconeuronal antibodies are well-established biomarkers for PNS and may serve as specific tumor markers. The recommended procedure to detect onconeuronal antibodies is a combination of indirect immunohistochemistry on fixed rodent cerebellum and confirmation of the specificity by line assays. Simplification of this approach by only using line assays with recombinant proteins bears the risk to miss antibody-positive samples. Anti-neuronal surface antibodies are sensitive and specific biomarkers for AIE. Their identification requires the use of test methods that allow the recognition of conformation dependent epitopes. These commonly include cell-based assays and tissue based assays with unfixed rodent brain tissue. Tissue based assays can detect most of the currently known neuronal surface antibodies and thus enable broad screening of biological samples. A complementary testing on live neuronal cell cultures may confirm that the antibody recognizes a surface epitope. In patients with peripheral neuropathy, the screening may be expanded to teased nerve fibers to identify antibodies against the node of Ranvier. This method helps to identify a novel subgroup of peripheral autoimmune neuropathies, resulting in improved immunotherapy of these patients. Tissue based assays are useful to discover additional autoantibody targets that play a role in diverse autoimmune neurological syndromes. Antibody screening assays represent promising avenues of research to improve the diagnostic yield of current assays for antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.