ArticleEarly intervention in psychiatry2019
Tobacco use and psychosis risk in persons at clinical high risk.
Article in Early intervention in psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic C-reactive protein and corticolimbic gray matter volume in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Cannabis and tobacco co-use predicts psychosis in clinical high risk cohorts.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Complex medical conditions and health risk behaviors among homeless males with schizophrenia.Narra J · 2025Article
- Occasional cannabis use is associated with higher premorbid functioning and IQ in youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis: Parallel findings to psychosis cohorts.Schizophrenia research · 2024Article
- The relationship between substance use and self-reported aspects of social functioning in patients with a psychotic disorder.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024Article
- Physical Health and Transition to Psychosis in People at Clinical High Risk.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Neurobehavioral risk factors influence prevalence and severity of hazardous substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Review
- Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2021Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Schizophrenia: Etiology, Clinical, Pharmacological, and Treatment Implications.Schizophrenia research and treatment · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo evaluate the role of tobacco use in the development of psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk.
methodThe North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study is a 2-year multi-site prospective case control study of persons at clinical high risk that aims to better understand predictors and mechanisms for the development of psychosis. The cohort consisted of 764 clinical high risk and 279 healthy comparison subjects. Clinical assessments included tobacco and substance use and several risk factors associated with smoking in general population studies.
resultsClinical high risk subjects were more likely to smoke cigarettes than unaffected subjects (light smoking odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-5; heavy smoking OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.7-13.7). In both groups, smoking was associated with mood, substance use, stress and perceived discrimination and in clinical high risk subjects with childhood emotional neglect and adaption to school. Clinical high risk subjects reported higher rates of several factors previously associated with smoking, including substance use, anxiety, trauma and perceived discrimination. After controlling for these potential factors, the relationship between clinical high risk state and smoking was no longer significant (light smoking OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.4-2.2; heavy smoking OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.05-2.3). Moreover, baseline smoking status (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.82-1.65) and categorization as ever smoked (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.8-2.1) did not predict time to conversion.
conclusionPersons at high risk for psychosis are more likely to smoke and have more factors associated with smoking than controls. Smoking status in clinical high risk subjects does not predict conversion. These findings do not support a causal relationship between smoking and psychosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.