ArticleSleep medicine2018
Mild cognitive impairment: associations with sleep disturbance, apolipoprotein e4, and sleep medications.
Article in Sleep medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of behavioural sleep programs for middle-aged adults on cognition and sleep and associated behaviour change techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of trazodone on human cognition: a systematic review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Benzodiazepines and Related Drugs as a Risk Factor in Alzheimer's Disease Dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2019Pooled it
- The Effect of Progressive Relaxation Exercises Applied to Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes on FATIQUE Level and Sleep Quality: A Randomised Controlled Study.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences · 2026Trial
- A Randomized-Controlled Trial Targeting Cognition in Early Alzheimer's Disease by Improving Sleep with Trazodone (REST).Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Trial
- Hypnosis Intervention for Sleep Disturbances in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Pilot Study.The International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosisTrial
- Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms for alleviating OSA: Adenosine A2A receptor downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Review
- Frailty as a mediator between sleep quality and cognitive impairment among the rural older adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Exploring Health Promotion Behaviors, Occupational Burnout, and Sleep Disturbances in Traditional Industry Workers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Medication Exposure and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- The association between sleep and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2024Article
- Positive airway pressure adherence among patients with obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive impairment: A narrative review.Sleep medicine · 2023Review
- Longitudinal Associations Between Mild Behavioral Impairment, Sleep Disturbance, and Progression to Dementia.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Article
- Factors related to cognitive function in type-2 diabetes and neuropathic pain patients, the role of mood and sleep disorders in this relationship.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Cognitive Function and Sleep in Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia.Western journal of nursing research · 2022Article
- Potential role of 25(OH)D insufficiency in the dysfunction of glycolipid metabolism and cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Exploring the combined effects of sleep apnea and APOE-e4 on biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire Assessed Nighttime Behaviors in Cognitively Asymptomatic Patients with Pathologically Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease Predict More Rapid Cognitive Deterioration.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- Strategies for the use of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with increased memory problems although the ability to complete daily life activities remains relatively intact. This study examined: (1) if sleep disturbance increased the hazard of MCI; (2) if APOE e4 carriers with sleep disturbance experience an increased risk of MCI; and, (3) if prescription sleep medications provide a protective effect against MCI. We hypothesized that sleep disturbance increases the hazard of MCI, this relationship is stronger among APOE e4 carriers reporting a sleep disturbance. Furthermore, we hypothesized that sleep medications decrease the hazard of MCI.
methodsTo determine whether sleep medication mediates the risk of developing MCI for individuals with sleep disturbance and/or APOE
resultsOur main findings indicated that the hazard of MCI was significantly associated with sleep disturbance. The hazard remained among those who did not use sleep medication. Trazodone and zolpidem users did not have a significant hazard of MCI, but the significant hazard remained for those who did not use these medications. APOE e4 carriers had a significantly higher hazard of MCI. Among e4 carriers who used trazodone or zolpidem, there was not a statistically significant risk of MCI.
conclusionThis study demonstrated the potential utilization of trazodone and zolpidem in the treatment of sleep disturbance while potentially mitigating the risk of MCI. While trazodone and zolpidem have been shown to positively impact sleep disturbance in individuals with normal cognition, further research should explore these findings given that these medications are potentially inappropriate for older adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.