ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2018
Individual, social, and structural factors affecting antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-positive people who inject drugs in Kazakhstan.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Disparities in healthcare access and utilization among people living with HIV in China: A scoping review and meta-analysis.HIV medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A Dyad-Based Intervention to Improve Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People with HIV who Inject Drugs in Kazakhstan: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- Pre-implementation findings on the barriers and potential solutions to initiate same-day antiretroviral therapy among people who inject drugs in Malaysia.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Article
- Drug treatment and support service utilization amidst the COVID-19 pandemic among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland: An interrupted time-series analysis, 2015-2022.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Family Perspectives on Stigma Toward Women Who Use Drugs in Tanzania.Issues in mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Survival analysis and factors influencing survival time of adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy from 2012 to 2022 in Chongqing, China: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Inclusion of Labor Migrants as a Potential Key Population for HIV: A Nationwide Study from Tajikistan.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Scaling Up HIV Self-Testing and Linkage to Care Among Women Who Exchange Sex and/or Use Drugs in Kazakhstan.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2024Article
- Disparities in healthcare access and utilization among people living with HIV in China: a scoping review and meta-analysis.Research square · 2023Article
- Implementation of a Dyad-Based Intervention to Improve Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among HIV-Positive People Who Inject Drugs in Kazakhstan: A Randomized Trial.Research on social work practice · 2023Article
- Assessment of HIV viral load monitoring in remote settings in Vietnam - comparing people who inject drugs to the other patients.PloS one · 2023Article
- Diminished health and social outcomes among men who have sex with men who use drugs in Zimbabwe.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of an Intervention to Improve HIV Service Delivery for People Who Inject Drugs in Kazakhstan: A Cluster Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Article
- Involvement, Perception, and Understanding as Determinants for Patient-Physician Relationship and Their Association with Adherence: A Questionnaire Survey among People Living with HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy in Austria.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Cohort profile: the Kyrgyzstan InterSectional Stigma (KISS) injection drug use cohort study.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Adherence to antiretroviral therapy thought package-refill among HIV+ persons at "D. Cotugno" hospital, Naples, Italy.Le infezioni in medicina · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) are particularly vulnerable to suboptimal ART adherence. The fastest-growing HIV epidemics globally are driven by injection drug use, but only a small percentage of HIV-positive PWID have achieved viral suppression. Virally suppressed individuals have better HIV-related health outcomes and effectively no risk of transmitting HIV to others. Hence, ART adherence is important for both HIV treatment and HIV prevention. There is a paucity of data on barriers and facilitators of ART adherence among PWID in low and middle income countries, which is problematic given the growing HIV epidemics among PWID in these countries.
methodsUsing the Theory of Triadic Influence, this paper examines individual, interpersonal, and structural barriers and facilitators of ART adherence among HIV-positive PWID in four cities in Kazakhstan. Eight focus groups were conducted (two in each city) with a total of 57 participants. Data were coded and analyzed by three researchers.
resultsWe found a number of barriers and facilitators to ART adherence among PWID at the individual, interpersonal, and structural levels. Individual barriers to ART adherence include misperceptions about ART, forgetfulness due to the effects of illicit drug use, and medication side effects. Interpersonal facilitators of ART adherence include social support and good relationships with healthcare providers. Structural barriers include poverty, legal challenges, disruptions in the ART supply, and stigma and discrimination.
conclusionThe paper highlights important factors related to ART adherence for HIV-positive PWID and identifies potential strategies for intervention efforts, including couple-based interventions, electronic reminders, linkage to drug treatment services, and patient navigation. Effectively enhancing adherence to ART among PWID will likely require multi-level approaches and strategies. Further research should be conducted on potential methods and interventions for improving ART adherence among this vulnerable population.
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