Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30359433›Full record

ArticlePloS one2018

Effect of sintering parameters on physical and mechanical properties of powder injection moulded stainless steel-hydroxyapatite composite.

Mohd Ikram Ramli, Abu Bakar Sulong, Norhamidi Muhamad, Andanastuti Muchtar, Amir Arifin, Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Mohannad Saleh Hammadi Al-Furjan

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In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mohd Ikram RamliDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abu Bakar SulongDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Norhamidi MuhamadDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Andanastuti MuchtarDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Amir ArifinDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia.
Farhana Mohd FoudziDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-8217-9689
Mohannad Saleh Hammadi Al-FurjanSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, PR China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The combination of metallic bio-inert material, stainless-steel 316L (SS316L) and a bio-active material, hydroxyapatite (HA) can produce a composite which has superior properties for orthopaedic applications. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of sintering temperature and holding time on the physical and mechanical properties of the sintered part. 50wt.% SS316L and 50wt.% HA were mixed with a binder system of palm stearin (PS) and polyethylene (PE) at 61 vol.% powder loading. Rheological properties show a pseudo-plastic behaviour of the feedstock, where viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. The feedstock was injection moulded into a tensile bar shape while thermal debinding was carried out at 320°C and 500°C. The brown parts were sintered at 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300°C, with three different sintering times of 1, 3 and 5 hours in the furnace. It was found that the highest sintered density measured was 95.61% of the theoretical density. In addition, the highest hardness and Young's modulus measured were 150.45 HV and 52.61 GPa respectively, which are higher than those of human bone. The lowest percentage of carbon content was 0.022wt.% given by the sample sintered at 1300°C for 1 hour. Therefore, SS316L/HA composite with good mechanical and physical properties was successfully produced through the PIM process.

Indexed as

Materials TestingCoated Materials, BiocompatibleDurapatiteElastic ModulusElectroplatingHardnessHumansInjectionsMechanical PhenomenaMetallurgyPhysical PhenomenaPowdersStainless SteelSurface PropertiesTemperatureCoated Materials, BiocompatibleDurapatitePowdersStainless Steel

Identifiers

PMID30359433
PMCPMC6201935

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.