Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30357517›Full record

SynthesisEuropean journal of applied physiology2019

Resistance training induced changes in strength and specific force at the fiber and whole muscle level: a meta-analysis.

Scott J Dankel, Minsoo Kang, Takashi Abe, Jeremy P Loenneke

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European journal of applied physiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06413199 (Adaptive Response of Brain Towards Resistance Training in Healthy Individuals), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06413199 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Adaptive Response of Brain Towards Resistance Training in Healthy Individuals

TypeinterventionalSponsorPakistan Society for Rehabilitation of Differently Abled HospitalRan2023 to 2024Enrolled100ConditionsResistance TrainingArmsHyper Training, 1 Repetition maximum training group
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. The Immune System as a Biosensor of Health and Athletic Performance.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. The effects of cognitive-motor training interventions on executive functions in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2020
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Scott J DankelKevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, 231 Turner Center, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Minsoo KangHealth and Sports Analytics Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
Takashi AbeKevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, 231 Turner Center, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Jeremy P LoennekeKevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, 231 Turner Center, University, MS, 38677, USA. jploenne@olemiss.edu.
University of Mississippi · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeConsiderable debate exists as to whether increases in strength that occur with resistance exercise are the result of increases in muscle size. Most studies have attempted to answer this question using assessments of whole muscle size and voluntary muscle strength, but examining changes at the individual muscle fiber level may also provide some insight. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare adaptations at the whole muscle and individual fiber level.

methodsA meta-analysis was conducted in February, 2018 including all previously published papers and was analyzed using a random effects model.

resultsThere were no differences (p = 0.88) when comparing hypertrophy at the whole muscle (4.6%) and individual fiber level (7.0%), but significantly larger (p < 0.001) strength gains were observed at the whole muscle level (43.3%) relative to the individual fiber (19.5%). Additionally, there was an increase in the specific tension of type 1 muscle fibers (p = 0.013), but not type 2 muscle fibers (p = 0.23) which was driven by similar increases in strength (type 1: 17.5%, type 2A: 17.7%), despite differences in muscle size (type 1: 6.7%, type 2A: 12.1%).

conclusionThese results support the hypothesis that the neural adaptations play a large role in increasing isotonic whole muscle strength, but also demonstrate that an improvement in specific tension of type 1 muscle fibers is present. These results would suggest that some mechanism intrinsic to the muscle fiber, and independent of muscle growth, may also be contributing to strength increases in response to resistance exercise providing an avenue for future research.

Indexed as

Muscle StrengthResistance TrainingHumansMuscle Fibers, Skeletal1RMBiopsyHypertrophyMuscle fiberMuscle fibreWeight lifting

Identifiers

PMID30357517
OpenAlexW2898551291

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.