ReviewEndocrine reviews2019
Starvation in the Midst of Plenty: Reflections on the History and Biology of Insulin and Leptin.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unravelling obesity: from leptin to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Review
- Leptin in Dairy Cows: Metabolic Adaptation, Reproductive Function, and Health Applications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Leptin Acts as a Peripheral Tropic Signal to Tune Steroidogenesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Advances in Adipose Tissue Biology.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Diabetic retinal disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Adipocyte metabolic state regulates glial phagocytic function.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Iron-Mediated Regulation in Adipose Tissue: A Comprehensive Review of Metabolism and Physiological Effects.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Atg8/LC3 controls systemic nutrient surplus signaling in flies and humans.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Review
- Leptin Reduction as a Required Component for Weight Loss.Diabetes · 2024Article
- The dual hypothesis of homeostatic body weight regulation, including gravity-dependent and leptin-dependent actions.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Leptin Increases: Physiological Roles in the Control of Sympathetic Nerve Activity, Energy Balance, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Body Composition and COPD: A New Perspective.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Review
- Extreme conditions affect neuronal oscillations of cerebral cortices in humans in the China Space Station and on Earth.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Novel Noninvasive Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: From Pharmacotherapy to Gene Therapy.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
- The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks.Physiological reviews · 2022 · on this mapArticle
- Are Peripheral Biomarkers Determinants of Eating Styles in Childhood and Adolescence Obesity? A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Roles of plasma leptin and resistin in novel subgroups of type 2 diabetes driven by cluster analysis.Lipids in health and disease · 2022Article
- Role of Adipose Tissue Derived Exosomes in Metabolic Disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Insulin and leptin are critical metabolic hormones that play essential but distinct roles in regulating the physiologic switch between the fed and starved states. The discoveries of insulin and leptin, in 1922 and 1994, respectively, arose out of radically different scientific environments. Despite the dearth of scientific tools available in 1922, insulin's discovery rapidly launched a life-saving therapy for what we now know to be type I diabetes, and continually enhanced insulin therapeutics are now effectively applied to both major forms of this increasingly prevalent disease. In contrast, although the discovery of leptin provided deep insights into the regulation of central nervous system energy balance circuits, as well as an effective therapy for an extremely rare form of obesity, its therapeutic impact beyond that has been surprisingly limited. Despite an enormous accumulated body of information, many important questions remain unanswered about the mechanisms of action and role in disease of both hormones. Additionally, although many decades apart, both discoveries reveal the complexities inherent to scientific collaboration and the assignment of credit, even when the efforts are spectacularly successful.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.