ArticlePloS one2018
Temporal patterns of anthrax outbreaks among livestock in Lesotho, 2005-2016.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modeling the impact of anthrax vaccination on buffalo outbreak dynamics in northern Vietnam.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- A thirty-year time series analyses identifies coherence between oscillations in Anthrax outbreaks and El Niño in Karnataka, India.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Spatial clustering of livestock Anthrax events associated with agro-ecological zones in Kenya, 1957-2017.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia.PloS one · 2021Article
- Spatial Patterns of Anthrax Outbreaks and Cases among Livestock in Lesotho, 2005-2016.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The global distribution of Bacillus anthracis and associated anthrax risk to humans, livestock and wildlife.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough anthrax is endemic in Lesotho, limited information is available on the patterns of the disease among livestock animals. This study investigated temporal patterns of anthrax outbreaks and cases among livestock animals in Lesotho.
methodsSecondary data of anthrax outbreaks reported to the Department of Livestock Services between January 2005 and December 2016 was used for this study. Proportions of anthrax outbreaks and cases, and their corresponding 95% confidence interval were calculated and compared across year, season, month and region using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The autoregression model was used to evaluate annual trends of anthrax outbreaks and cases.
resultsA total of 38 outbreaks were reported in the Lowlands districts of Lesotho. District was significantly (p<0.0001) associated with outbreaks and cases, with the highest proportions of outbreaks (52.6%) and cases (70.2%) reported in Maseru. Significantly (p = 0.0004) higher proportions of anthrax outbreaks (78.9%) and cases (95.1%) were reported in the rainy-hot season compared to the dry-cold season. Five hundred and twenty-six (n = 526) anthrax cases were reported with significantly (p<0.0001) higher proportion of cases (70.3%) in cattle compared to other species. Higher proportion of anthrax cases (35.9%) were reported in 2008 and during the months of February (30.8%) and April (30.2%). There was no significant annual trend in anthrax outbreaks (r = 0.0282; p = 0.6213) and cases (r = 0.0873; p = 0.3512) over the study period.
conclusionThe burden of anthrax in Lesotho is significantly higher in cattle. Anthrax outbreaks occur only in the lowland districts and follow a seasonal pattern. Therefore, more effort should be targeted at curbing the disease in cattle and the lowlands districts. Furthermore, there should be heightened monitoring of cases in the rainy season to ensure that resultant carcasses are disposed of appropriately to minimise future outbreaks.
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