ArticleScientific reports2018
Effect of natural products on the production and activity of Clostridium difficile toxins in vitro.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carbadox, a veterinary growth promoter exhibits anticlostridial activity through induction of oxidative stress in Clostridioides difficile.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Clostridioides difficile as a Zoonotic and Foodborne Pathogen: Reviewing the Global Evidence and South African Data.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Ionomycin Exhibits Potent and Selective Bactericidal Activity Against Clostridioides difficile Through Calcium-Dependent Membrane Disruption.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Inhibitory effects of Levilactobacillus brevis IBRC-M10790 on apoptosis and inflammation induced by Clostridioides difficile culture supernatant in vitro.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The inhibitory effects of live and UV-killed Akkermansia muciniphila and its derivatives on cytotoxicity and inflammatory response induced by Clostridioides difficile RT001 in vitro.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2024Article
- Development and characterization of phage display-derived anti-toxin antibodies neutralizing TcdA and TcdB ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Plant-Derived Products with Therapeutic Potential against Gastrointestinal Bacteria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pleiotropic effects ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Curcumin and capsaicin regulate apoptosis and alleviate intestinal inflammation induced by Clostridioides difficile in vitro.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2022Article
- In Vitro Analysis of Extracts of Plant Used in Mexican Traditional Medicine, Which Are Useful to CombatPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Frontiers in antibiotic alternatives forWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Article
- Beneficial Effects of Organosulfur Compounds fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Onion (Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2021Review
- The Bactericidal Activity and Spore Inhibition Effect of Manuka Honey againstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection is a toxin-mediated disease of the colon. C. difficile virulence is primarily attributed to the production of toxin A and toxin B; thus this study was aimed to investigate the effect of a range of natural products on the production and activity of C. difficile toxins in vitro. Twenty-two natural products were investigated against four C. difficile strains. The activity of products against toxins was determined using Vero and HT-29 cells cytotoxicity and neutral red uptake assays. The indirect effect of products on toxin-mediated cytotoxicity was determined using the same cell lines. The effect of seven products on toxin production by C. difficile was determined using ELISA. Zingerone (0.3 mg/ml) protected both cell lines from C. difficile cytopathic effects, confirmed by the neutral red uptake assay (P < 0.05). Three Leptospermum honeys (4% w/v), fresh onion bulb extract (12.5% v/v) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (0.005% v/v) all reduced toxin production and activity significantly (P ≤ 0.023). Garlic clove powder (4.7 mg/ml) only reduced toxin activity (P ≤ 0.047). Overall, several natural products had activity against C. difficile toxins in vitro encouraging further investigation against C. difficile toxins in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.