ArticleEye (London, England)2019
The expanding burden of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 148 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase IV Placebo-controlled Single Center Trial for Tirzepatide in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Trial (TIIHT)
Open the trial in the graphBiomarkers in the Etiology of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Evaluation of the Current Treatment Methods of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Who cites it
148 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Therapeutic role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and a Single-Arm Meta-analysis.Obesity surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Micronutrient Deficiencies Presenting with Optic Disc Swelling Associated with or without Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Calcitonin gene-related peptide induces headache attacks in people with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Trial
- CGRP-provoked headache is associated with a neuroimmune signature in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Trial
- The effect of GLP-1RA exenatide on idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a randomized clinical trial.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Trial
- Increased systemic and adipose 11β-HSD1 activity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Intracranial pressure directly predicts headache morbidity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.The journal of headache and pain · 2021Trial
- 11βHSD1 Inhibition with AZD4017 Improves Lipid Profiles and Lean Muscle Mass in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Article
- Comparison of clinical profiles of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in patients with and without anemia.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in adults and children: a 14-year population-based study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Idiopathic ıntracranial hypertension: diagnostic contribution of novel MRI parameters and their relationship with CSF pressure.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Risk of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Patients Treated with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Transverse venous sinus stenting versus cerebrospinal fluid shunting in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a multi-institutional and multinational database study.Journal of neurointerventional surgery · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, pharmacological treatment and invasive management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Austria: a nationwide, hospital-based, controlled analysis of insurance data.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Fluoroscopic guidance decreases the risk of post-lumbar puncture headache in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Updates on Pathophysiology and Diagnosis.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2026Review
- "Just lose weight": weight-based medical bias and experiential expertise in intracranial hypertension.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Papilledema is not the point: intracranial pressure dysregulation as a common pathway in migraine and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.Brain communications · 2026Article
88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo quantify the hospital burden and health economic impact of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
methodsHospital Episode Statistics (HES) national data was extracted between 1st January 2002 and 31st December 2016. All those within England with a diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension were included. Those with secondary causes of raised intracranial pressure such as tumours, hydrocephalus and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were excluded.
resultsA total of 23,182 new IIH cases were diagnosed. Fifty-two percent resided in the most socially deprived areas (quintiles 1 and 2). Incidence rose between 2002 and 2016 from 2.3 to 4.7 per 100,000 in the general population. Peak incidence occurred in females aged 25 (15.2 per 100,000). 91.6% were treated medically, 7.6% had a cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedure, 0.7% underwent bariatric surgery and 0.1% had optic nerve sheath fenestration. Elective caesarean sections rates were significantly higher in IIH (16%) compared to the general population (9%), p < 0.005. Admission rates rose by 442% between 2002 and 2014, with 38% having repeated admissions in the year following diagnosis. Duration of hospital admission was 2.7 days (8.8 days for those having CSF diversion procedures). Costs rose from £9.2 to £50 million per annum over the study period with costs forecasts of £462 million per annum by 2030.
conclusionsIIH incidence is rising (by greater than 100% over the study), highest in areas of social deprivation and mirroring obesity trends. Re-admissions rates are high and growing yearly. The escalating population and financial burden of IIH has wide reaching implications for the health care system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.