ArticleJournal of virology2019
Eurasian Avian-Like Swine Influenza A Viruses Escape Human MxA Restriction through Distinct Mutations in Their Nucleoprotein
Article in Journal of virology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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30 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- GTPase domain of porcine Mx1 protein interacts with the N protein of porcine deltacoronavirus to inhibit viral replication.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- The potential of H5N1 viruses to adapt to bovine cells varies throughout evolution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- High serological barriers may contribute to restricted Influenza-A-virus transmission between pigs and humans.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Viral factors underlying the pandemic potential of influenza viruses.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Heterozygous and generalist MxA super-restrictors overcome breadth-specificity trade-offs in antiviral restriction.Science advances · 2025Article
- Replication Restriction of Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses by Human Immune Factor, 2023-2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Antigenicity and genetic properties of an Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus in Jiangsu Province, China.Biosafety and health · 2024Article
- Host Innate Antiviral Response to Influenza A Virus Infection: From Viral Sensing to Antagonism and Escape.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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- Influenza Virus Host Restriction Factors: The ISGs and Non-ISGs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Influenza A virus shedding and reinfection during the post-weaning period in swine: longitudinal study of two nurseries.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Anti-influenza A virus restriction factors that shape the human species barrier and virus evolution.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- The Antiviral Activity of Equine Mx1 against Thogoto Virus Is Determined by the Molecular Structure of Its Viral Specificity Region.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Article
- Are pigs overestimated as a source of zoonotic influenza viruses?Porcine health management · 2022Review
- Evolutionary pressures rendered by animal husbandry practices for avian influenza viruses to adapt to humans.iScience · 2022Review
- Genetic Variability among Swine Influenza Viruses in Italy: Data Analysis of the Period 2017-2020.Viruses · 2021Article
- Ancestral sequence reconstruction pinpoints adaptations that enable avian influenza virus transmission in pigs.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Identification of One Critical Amino Acid Residue of the Nucleoprotein as a Determinant forJournal of virology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To cross the human species barrier, influenza A viruses (IAV) of avian origin have to overcome the interferon-induced host restriction factor MxA by acquiring distinct mutations in their nucleoprotein (NP). We recently demonstrated that North American classical swine IAV are able to partially escape MxA restriction. Here we investigated whether the Eurasian avian-like swine IAV lineage currently circulating in European swine would likewise evade restriction by human MxA. We found that the NP of the influenza virus isolate A/Swine/Belzig/2/2001 (Belzig-NP) exhibits increased MxA escape, similar in extent to that with human IAV NPs. Mutational analysis revealed that the MxA escape mutations in Belzig-NP differ from the known MxA resistance cluster of the North American classical swine lineage and human-derived IAV NPs. A mouse-adapted avian IAV of the H7N7 subtype encoding Belzig-NP showed significantly greater viral growth in both MxA-expressing cells and MxA-transgenic mice than control viruses lacking the MxA escape mutations. Similarly, the growth of the recombinant Belzig virus was only marginally affected in MxA-expressing cells and MxA-transgenic mice, in contrast to that of Belzig mutant viruses lacking MxA escape mutations in the NP. Phylogenetic analysis of the Eurasian avian-like swine IAV revealed that the NP amino acids required for MxA escape were acquired successively and were maintained after their introduction. Our results suggest that the circulation of IAV in the swine population can result in the selection of NP variants with a high degree of MxA resistance, thereby increasing the zoonotic potential of these viruses.
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