Observational studyCirculation research2018
Serum Bioavailable and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels, but Not Its Total Level, Are Associated With the Risk of Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.
Observational study in Circulation research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Bioavailable, and Free 25(OH)D, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Predictive value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in patients with coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Principal results of the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) and updated meta-analyses of relevant vitamin D trials.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2020Trial
- Vitamin D, Marine n-3 Fatty Acids, and Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Current Evidence.Circulation research · 2020Trial
- Vitamin D as a cellular endocrine system: Tissue-specific microcircuits, immune reprogramming, and metabolic resistance.iScience · 2026Review
- 25(OH)D3 and F-25(OH)D as indicators of chronic kidney disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D dietary supplementation and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among adults with hypertension.Nutrition journal · 2024Article
- Serum Vitamin D and Vaspin Levels Among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Their Association with Risk Factors.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Association of circulating serum free bioavailable and total vitamin D with cathelicidin levels among active TB patients and household contacts.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A letter to the editor: High prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma patients and the impact of vitamin D levels, a cross-sectional study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023Article
- Free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D thresholds for bone metabolism and their associations with metabolic syndrome in Chinese women of childbearing age.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Article
- Change of vitamin D status and all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults: a population-based cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Vitamin D-Binding Protein and the Free Hormone Hypothesis for Vitamin D in Bio-Naïve Patients with Psoriasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with risk of dementia among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in the UK Biobank.PLoS medicine · 2022Article
- 25(OH)VitD and human endocrine and functional fertility parameters in women undergoing IVF/ICSI.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- C3-Epimer of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 as a Superior Marker for Predicting the Severity of Chronic Kidney Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Article
- Serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in relation to longevity, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.NPJ genomic medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleBioavailable and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are emerging measurements of vitamin D. Whether serum bioavailable or free 25(OH)D level is associated with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.
objectiveOur aim is to determine the potential association between serum total, bioavailable, and free 25(OH)D levels and the risk of mortality among patients with CAD. METHODS AND
resultsWe measured serum 25(OH) levels in 1387 patients with angiographically confirmed CAD from the Guangdong Coronary Artery Disease Cohort. Serum DBP (vitamin D-binding protein) levels were measured using a polyclonal immunoassay, and serum-free 25(OH)D levels were measured using a 2-step immunoassay. Bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were calculated using a previously validated formula. By the median follow-up time of 6.7 years, 205 patients had died, including 134 deaths from cardiovascular diseases. In multivariate analyses, low serum bioavailable 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with increased risks of mortality, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors, features and treatments of CAD, factors associated with vitamin D and mineral metabolism, and CRP (C-reactive protein). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios across quartiles of bioavailable 25(OH)D were 1.79, 1.35, 1.36, and 1.00 for all-cause mortality ( P for trend=0.01) and 2.58, 1.85, 1.73, and 1.00 for cardiovascular mortality ( P for trend=0.001), respectively. Serum-free 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with the risk of mortality, with the extreme-quartile hazard ratios of 1.64 for all-cause mortality ( P for trend=0.024) and 1.97 for cardiovascular mortality ( P for trend=0.013). In contrast, serum total 25(OH)D level was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality.
conclusionsLower serum bioavailable and free 25(OH)D levels rather than total 25(OH)D level are independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in a population-based CAD cohort.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.