ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2018
Use of Sedative-Hypnotics and Mortality: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risks Associated With Benzodiazepine Long-Term Use in Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and (Network) Meta-Analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of lemborexant on insomnia severity, morning alertness, and cognition in participants with insomnia disorder and mild obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep medicine: X · 2026Article
- Mortality in US veterans with insomnia, sleep apnea, and comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA); an exploratory, hypothesis-generating cohort study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- Trends in Sedative-Hypnotic Prescription Among Insomnia Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study From 2010 to 2022 in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Z-Drug Use and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Cohort Studies.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Long-term treatment with benzodiazepines and related Z-drugs exacerbates breast cancer: clinical evidence and molecular mechanisms.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Article
- Research on the Improvement Effects and Mechanisms ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
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- New treatments to put insomnia to bed.Nature · 2025Article
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- Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Clinical Protocol #21: Breastfeeding in the Setting of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorder (Revised 2023).Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Article
- Mortality Risks after Two Years in Frail and Pre-Frail Older Adults Admitted to Hospital.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Use of benzodiazepine and Z-drugs and mortality in older adults after myocardial infarction.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2023Article
- Clonidine is better than zopiclone for insomnia treatment in chronic pain patients.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Observational
- Association of Zolpidem With Increased Mortality in Patients With Brain Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the National Health Insurance Service Database.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Is single acupoint Sanyinjiao (SP 6) effective in managing insomnia? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Global health & medicine · 2020Review
- Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit.F1000Research · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesResearchers have previously reported a possible association between sedative-hypnotics and increased mortality. However, the relationship remains controversial. We investigated the association between sedative-hypnotics and mortality using a large population-based database from the Republic of Korea.
methodsWe used a National Health Insurance Service database. The study population was a 5% random sample of the database from the years 2002- 2015. Individuals who were age 40 years and older were included in the analysis. The sedative-hypnotic users were defined as individuals prescribed 30 or more defined daily doses of sedative-hypnotics per year since January 2004. Sedative-hypnotics were classified based on type and total amount. We estimated the risk of mortality (death from January 2004 to December 2015) using time-dependent Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and psychiatric comorbidity.
resultsWe identified 180,823 study participants who used sedative-hypnotics and 320,136 nonusers. In a multivariate model, study participants who used sedative-hypnotics had significantly higher mortality risk than nonusers (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.16). Specifically, study participants who used zolpidem had a higher mortality risk (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.52-1.67) than nonusers.
conclusionsBased on the current study results, sedative-hypnotics were associated with an increased risk of mortality, especially in study participants who used zolpidem.
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Registered trials
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