ReviewNeurorehabilitation and neural repair2018
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Enhance Functional Recovery After Stroke: Studies in Animal Models.
Review in Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the efficacy of different protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on motor function, activities of daily living, and neurological function in patients with early stroke: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Trends of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation From 2009 to 2018: A Bibliometric Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of 10-Hz rTMS over the leg motor cortex using a double-cone coil on lower limb motor recovery in subacute stroke: a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Clinical Comparison between HD-tDCS and tDCS for Improving Upper Limb Motor Function: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Trial.Neural plasticity · 2024Trial
- Multiscale Mechanisms that Underlie Intermittent Theta-burst Stimulation in Post-stroke Motor Recovery: From Molecular Signaling to Network Reorganization.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Early intervention with electrical stimulation reduces neural damage after stroke in non-human primates.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Effects of different modalities of transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke cognitive impairment: a network meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Time dependent changes in protein expression induced by intermittent theta burst stimulation in a cell line.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Magnetic field in the extreme low frequency band protects neuronal and microglia cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Bilateral transcranial direct-current stimulation promotes migration of subventricular zone-derived neuroblasts toward ischemic brain.FASEB bioAdvances · 2023Article
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Brain After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms from Animal Models.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Neurorehabilitation in Post-Stroke Patients.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Pathological changes of brain oscillations following ischemic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Review
- Visual neuroprosthesis: present and future perspectives.Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · 2022Review
- Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation in animal models of neurodegeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Article
- Electromagnetic Field as a Treatment for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Discussion on the Rehabilitation of Stroke Hemiplegia Based on Interdisciplinary Combination of Medicine and Engineering.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStroke is the leading cause of adult disability, but treatment options remain limited, leaving most patients with incomplete recovery. Patient and animal studies have shown potential of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) strategies to improve function after stroke. However, mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of NIBS are unclear and there is no consensus on which NIBS protocols are most effective.
objectiveProvide a review of articles that assessed effects and mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in animal stroke models.
methodsArticles were searched in PubMed, including cross-references.
resultsNineteen eligible studies reporting effects of rTMS or tDCS after stroke in small rodents were identified. Seventeen of those described improved functional recovery or neuroprotection compared with untreated control or sham-stimulated groups. The effects of rTMS could be related to molecular mechanisms associated with ischemic tolerance, neuroprotection, anti-apoptosis, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, or neuroplasticity. Favorable outcome appeared most effectively when using high-frequency (>5 Hz) rTMS or intermittent theta burst stimulation of the ipsilesional hemisphere. tDCS effects were strongly dependent on stimulation polarity and onset time. Although these findings are promising, most studies did not meet Good Laboratory Practice assessment criteria.
conclusionsDespite limited data availability, animal stroke model studies demonstrate potential of NIBS to promote stroke recovery through different working mechanisms. Future studies in animal stroke models should adhere to Good Laboratory Practice guidelines and aim to further develop clinically applicable treatment protocols by identifying most favorable stimulation parameters, treatment onset, adjuvant therapies, and underlying modes of action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.