Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30352520›Full record

ArticleJournal of behavioral addictions2018

Are direct messages (texts and emails) from wagering operators associated with betting intention and behavior? An ecological momentary assessment study.

Alex M T Russell, Nerilee Hing, Matthew Browne, Vijay Rawat

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of behavioral addictions, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alex M T Russell1 Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity , Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Nerilee Hing2 Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity , Bundaberg, QLD, Australia.
Matthew Browne2 Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity , Bundaberg, QLD, Australia.
Vijay Rawat3 Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity , Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Central Queensland University · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsDirect messaging via text messages (texts) and emails is a widely used method to advertise sports and race-betting offers. However, they have attracted little research, as this advertising is not in the public domain. This study aimed to determine whether betting expenditure is related to receiving direct wagering messages, and the specific inducements they promote. We hypothesized that receiving direct messages, particularly texts, would be related to betting expenditure within 24 hr.

methodsIn this ecological momentary assessment study, regular sports (n = 98) and race (n = 104) bettors from Australia completed short daily surveys over 1 week that captured exposure to direct messages, betting behavior in the previous 24 hr, and betting intention for the next 24 hr. Respondents were asked to forward any texts and emails received to the researchers, who coded them for inducement content.

resultsLongitudinal analyses found that receiving emails was positively associated with betting intention, whereas texts were positively associated with higher likelihood of betting and betting expenditure. These effects persisted when controlling for problem gambling status and signature betting events. Refund stake and bonus odds inducements were positively associated with likelihood of race betting (although not in multivariate models), as were bonus winnings inducements for sports betting. DISCUSSION AND

conclusionsDirect messages, particularly texts, are powerful marketing tools, encouraging a nearly immediate, and arguably impulsive, betting response, which may increase gambling-related problems. Overseeing this private form of advertising presents challenges to regulators, and to public health efforts that aim to reduce gambling harm.

Indexed as

AdvertisingElectronic MailGamblingIntentionSportsText MessagingAdultAgedEcological Momentary AssessmentFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adultadvertisingdirect messagesgamblinginducementsintentionwagering

Identifiers

PMID30352520
PMCPMC6376386
OpenAlexW2898123097

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.