Observational studyEuropean journal of applied physiology2019
Inert gas narcosis in scuba diving, different gases different reactions.
Observational study in European journal of applied physiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxygen-enriched Air Decreases Ventilation during High-intensity Fin-swimming Underwater.International journal of sports medicine · 2022Trial
- Critical flicker fusion frequency: confounders and caveats.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- A methodological framework for validating a multi-domain physiological sensor for divers using a scalable data fusion platform.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Critical flicker fusion frequency assessment: robustness across photopic illumination in experienced divers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Oxy-Inflammation in Humans during Underwater Activities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effects of Oxygen Prebreathing on Bubble Formation, Flow-Mediated Dilatation, and Psychomotor Performance during Trimix Dives.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Physiological monitoring to prevent diving disorders.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Assessing Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency: Which Confounders? A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Editorial: Physiological telemonitoring and interventional telemedicine in extreme environments.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Dopamine/BDNF loss underscores narcosis cognitive impairment in divers: a proof of concept in a dry condition.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Article
- Comment on Mankowska et al. Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Oxygen-enriched air reduces breathing gas consumption over air.Current research in physiology · 2022Article
- Physiological effects of mixed-gas deep sea dives using a closed-circuit rebreather: a field pilot study.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- The physics of human breathing: flow, timing, volume, and pressure parameters for normal, on-demand, and ventilator respiration.Journal of breath research · 2021Article
- The impact of different gas mixtures on inflammatory responses in advanced recreational divers.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2021Observational
- Reply: Commentary on using critical flicker fusion frequency to measure gas narcosis.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2021Article
- Dopamine-dependent biphasic behaviour under 'deep diving' conditions inProceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Assessment of Alertness and Cognitive Performance of Closed Circuit Rebreather Divers With the Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency Test in Arctic Diving Conditions.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Going to Extremes of Lung Physiology-Deep Breath-Hold Diving.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Investigating critical flicker fusion frequency for monitoring gas narcosis in divers.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeUnderwater divers face several potential neurological hazards when breathing compressed gas mixtures including nitrogen narcosis which can impact diver's safety. Various human studies have clearly demonstrated brain impairment due to nitrogen narcosis in divers at 4 ATA using critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF) as a cortical performance indicator. However, recently some authors have proposed a probable adaptive phenomenon during repetitive exposure to high nitrogen pressure in rats, where they found a reversal effect on dopamine release.
methodsSixty experienced divers breathing Air, Trimix or Heliox, were studied during an open water dive to a depth of 6 ATA with a square profile testing CFFF measurement before (T
resultsCFFF results showed a slight increase in alertness and arousal during the deep dive regardless of the gas mixture breathed. The percent change in CFFF values at T
conclusionsOur results highlight that nitrogen and oxygen alone and in combination can produce neuronal excitability or depression in a dose-related response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.