ArticleImmunologic research2018
The link between schizophrenia and hypothyroidism: a population-based study.
Article in Immunologic research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of major depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with thyroid cancer: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomized study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Disease duration-stratified associations of thyroid hormone levels with psychopathology in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Is There a Link Between TSH Levels and Schizophrenia? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of obesity in patients with major depressive disorder at different ages of onset.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Correlation analyse between thyroid hormone levels and severity of schizophrenia symptoms.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Familial Mediterranean fever association with schizophrenia: insights from big data analysis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Gender differences in clinical and biochemical parameters among patients hospitalized for schizophrenia: towards precision medicine.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Autoimmune Thyroiditis Mitigates the Effect of Metformin on Plasma Prolactin Concentration in Men with Drug-Induced Hyperprolactinemia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effects of PMEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Nasal Mucociliary Clearance Time in Patients with Schizophrenia.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
- The role of thyroid function in borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia: a Mendelian Randomisation study.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2024Article
- Shared genetic links between hypothyroidism and psychiatric disorders: evidence from a comprehensive genetic analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Is the acquired hypothyroidism a risk factor for developing psychiatric disorders?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Association between thyroid functions, cognition, and functional connectivity of the brain in early-course schizophrenia: A preliminary study.Industrial psychiatry journal · 2023Article
- Causal link between thyroid function and schizophrenia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone, BDNF levels, and hippocampal volume in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Association between thyroid dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, and clinical symptoms in first-episode, untreated Chinese patients with major depressive disorder: Undirected and Bayesian network analyses.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Adherence of patients with schizophrenia to hypothyroidism treatment.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Are Associated with Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis-A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Redefining the Cut-Off Ranges for TSH Based on the Clinical Picture, Results of Neuroimaging and Laboratory Tests in Unsupervised Cluster Analysis as Individualized Diagnosis of Early Schizophrenia.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered to be of the severe psychiatric disorders characterized by chronic debilitating course marked with frequent relapses and high clinical and financial burden. Aberrations of thyroid hormone levels have been documented in several psychiatric conditions including bipolar disease. The aim of this study is to provide insight into whether an association exists between hypothyroidism and schizophrenia. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using data retrieved from the largest medical records database in Israel, the Clalit Health Services (CHS). Patients were defined as having hypothyroidism or schizophrenia when there was at least one such documented diagnosis in their medical records. The proportion of schizophrenia was compared between hypothyroid and age- and sex frequency-matched healthy controls. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between psychiatric manifestations and hypothyroidism in a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, and smoking status. The study included 40,843 patients with hypothyroidism and 40,918 age- and sex frequency-matched controls. The proportion of schizophrenia in hypothyroid patients was higher than that in controls (2.01% vs. 1.25%, respectively, p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a robust independent association between hypothyroidism and schizophrenia (OR 1.62, p ≤ 0.001). Our study confirms a higher proportion of hypothyroidism among patients with schizophrenia. The awareness of such interrelation should drive physicians treating patients with schizophrenia to consider screening for hypothyroidism. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanism or the common denominator favoring the co-occurrence of schizophrenia and hypothyroidism.
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