ReviewEuropean endocrinology2013
A Review of the Pharmacokinetics of Levothyroxine for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism.
Review in European endocrinology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- ETA guidelines for the use of levothyroxine sodium preparations in monotherapy to optimize the treatment of hypothyroidism.European thyroid journal · 2025Guideline
- Changes of Drug Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2021Pooled it
- Congenital Hypothyroidism: A 2020-2021 Consensus Guidelines Update-An ENDO-European Reference Network Initiative Endorsed by the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and the European Society for Endocrinology.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2021Guideline
- Single Center, Open-Label, Randomized Crossover Trial on Drug-Drug Interactions of Levothyroxine/Magnesium-Citrate and Levothyroxine/Magnesium-Aspartate in Healthy Subjects-The ThyroMag Trial.Clinical and translational science · 2025Trial
- Early effects of LT3 + LT4 combination therapy on quality of life in hypothyroid patients: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Trial
- A Novel Levothyroxine Solution Results in Similar Bioavailability Whether Taken 30 or Just 15 Minutes Before a High-Fat High-Calorie Meal.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2022Trial
- Pharmacological assessment of drugs retained in the 1Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Mussel-inspired biphasic microneedle patch for long-acting hypothyroidism treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Post-Levothyroxine Thyroid Dysfunction in Saudi Arabian Patients with Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
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- [Evaluation of sodium levothyroxine absorption in real clinical practice using a single-bolus oral test].Problemy endokrinologii · 2026Article
- Effect of COVID-19 infection on thyroid function status and clinical indexes among hypothyroid outpatients.Virulence · 2025Article
- Impact of Levothyroxine on Progression to and Complications of Cirrhosis in MASH.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Hypothyroid Patients Taking Levothyroxine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2025Review
- Thyroid testing in primary hypothyroidism.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Levothyroxine Requirement in a Patient with LRBA Deficiency and GVHD Induced Cholestasis.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2025Article
- Efficacy of levothyroxine monotherapy in achieving clinical euthyroidism and its impact on weight loss in women with hypothyroidism and obesity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Advancing drug safety and mitigating health concerns: High-resolution mass spectrometry in the levothyroxine case study.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2024Article
- Reviving ancient therapeutics in modern medicine: an immunological and biological narrative review of wet cupping in the management of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Gland surgery · 2024Review
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thyroxine hormone has been recognised since the early part of the nineteenth century and levothyroxine has been available since the mid-nineteenth century as a replacement for deficient thyroid hormones. While levothyroxine remains the staple treatment for hypothyroidism even to this day, its optimal use can be challenging. As is often the case with older drugs, the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine is often under-appreciated or misunderstood and many factors influence the optimal dosing of levothyroxine. This article will review the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism and highlight major concepts that should aid both clinicians and researchers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.