ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2019
Does cesarean delivery impact infant weight gain and adiposity over the first year of life?
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cord blood epigenome-wide meta-analysis in six European-based child cohorts identifies signatures linked to rapid weight growth.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Elective Cesarean Section on Children's Obesity From Birth to Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Neonatal weight loss and gain patterns in caesarean section born infants: integrative systematic review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Relationship Between Type of Delivery and Growth Trajectory in the First Year of Life: The Araraquara Cohort Study.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Fear of Childbirth After Major Orthopedic Traumas: A Nationwide Multi-Register Analysis.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Relationship between infant gastrointestinal microorganisms and maternal microbiome within 6 months of delivery.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Delivery by cesarean section leads to heavier adult bodyweight in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).Hormones and behavior · 2024Article
- Differentially methylated regions interrogated for metastable epialleles associate with offspring adiposity.Epigenomics · 2024Article
- Lasting consequences on physiology and social behavior following cesarean delivery in prairie voles.Hormones and behavior · 2023Article
- Associations between KCNQ1 and ITIH4 gene polymorphisms and infant weight gain in early life.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- Pregnancy and delivery after spine fracture or surgery: A nationwide population-based register study in Finland.PloS one · 2022Article
- Sex-specific association between elective cesarean section and growth trajectories in preschool children: A prospective birth cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The association of cesarean section with overweight and neurodevelopment of Chinese children aged 1-5 months.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Review
- Association of birth mode of delivery with infant faecal microbiota, potential pathobionts, and short chain fatty acids: a longitudinal study over the first year of life.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2021Article
- Association between mode of delivery and body mass index at 4-5 years in White British and Pakistani children: the Born in Bradford birth cohort.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Growth patterns and their contributing factors among HIV-exposed uninfected infants.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- The Effects of Different Modes of Delivery on the Structure and Predicted Function of Intestinal Microbiota in Neonates and Early Infants.Polish journal of microbiology · 2021Article
- Interaction between delivery mode and maternal age in predicting overweight and obesity in 1,123 Chinese preschool children.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPotentially driven by the lack of mother-to-infant transmission of microbiota at birth, cesarean delivery has been associated with higher risk of offspring obesity. Yet, no studies have examined when delivery-mode differences in adiposity begin to emerge. In this study, we examine differences in infant weight and adiposity trajectories from birth to 12 months by delivery mode.
methodsFrom 2013 to 2015, we recruited pregnant women into the Nurture Study and followed up their 666 infants. We ascertained maternal delivery method and infant birth weight from medical records. We measured weight, length, and skinfold thicknesses (subscapular, triceps, abdominal) when infants were 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. The main outcome, infant weight-for-length z score, was derived based on the WHO Child Growth Standards. We used linear regression models to assess the difference at each time point and used linear mixed models to examine the growth rate for infant weight and adiposity trajectories. We controlled for maternal age, race, marital status, education level, household income, smoking status, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, and infant birth weight.
resultsOf the 563 infants in our final sample, 179 (31.8%) were cesarean delivered. From birth to 12 months, the rate of increase in weight-for-length z score was 0.02/month (p = 0.03) greater for cesarean-delivered than vaginally-delivered infants. As a result of more rapid growth, cesarean-delivered infants had higher weight-for-length z score (0.26, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.47) and sum of subscapular and triceps (SS + TR) skinfold thickness (0.95 mm, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.60)-an indicator for overall adiposity-at 12 months, compared to vaginally-delivered infants.
conclusionsCompared to vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery was associated with greater offspring rate of weight gain over the first year and differences in adiposity that appear as early as 3 months of age. Monitoring cesarean-delivered infants closely for excess weight gain may help guide primordial prevention of obesity later in life.
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