ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2018
A Review of the Effects of Leucine Metabolite (β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate) Supplementation and Resistance Training on Inflammatory Markers: A New Approach to Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ergogenic Benefits of β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Strength: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Pooled it
- Preliminary clinical study on the synergistic effects of prebiotics and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in improving muscle function and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients with sarcopenia.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Trial
- A Resistance Training Program on Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- Thirteen weeks of supplementation of vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement attenuates chronic low-grade inflammation in sarcopenic older adults: the PROVIDE study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2019Trial
- Murine maternal microbiome modifies adverse effects of protein undernutrition on offspring neurobehaviour.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Chemical coding of piglets small intestine neurons after prenatal exposure to β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate.Journal of veterinary research · 2025Article
- Physiological Benefits, Applications, and Future Directions of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) in Food and Health Industries.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on physical activity levels in different sub-populations of Iranians: a national survey.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the effects of resveratrol and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid under different protein levels on the ileal health of tibetan sheep.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Dietary resveratrol and β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyric acid enhance flavor and modulate intramuscular fat in Tibetan sheep: insights from transcriptomics and lipidomics.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The Role of Dietary Antioxidants, Food Supplements and Functional Foods for Energy Enhancement in Healthcare Professionals.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Acute or Short-term Effects of Whey Protein Alone or Along with Carbohydrate on Inflammation: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials:.Galen medical journal · 2023Article
- Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage: a mini-review.Physical activity and nutrition · 2022Article
- Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements for Older Adults with Long COVID-19.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2022Review
- Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2022Article
- Recent Progress in Applicability of Exercise Immunology and Inflammation Research to Sports Nutrition.Nutrients · 2021Review
- β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation benefits the effects of resistance training on body fat reduction via increased irisin expression in white adipose tissue.Biology of sport · 2021Article
- Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly: An Overview.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- Nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and accelerate recovery in athletes: current knowledge, practical application and future perspectives.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Review
- Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Despite Possible Protective Effects of Exercise Training: A Review of the Literature.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a bioactive metabolite formed from the breakdown of the branched-chain amino acid, leucine. Given the popularity of HMB supplements among different athletes, specifically, those who participate in regular resistance training, this review was performed to summarize current literature on some aspects of HMB supplementation that have received less attention. Because of the small number of published studies, it has not been possible to conclude the exact effects of HMB on cardiovascular parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. Thus, the interpretation of outcomes should be taken cautiously. However, the data presented here suggest that acute HMB supplementation may attenuate the pro-inflammatory response following an intense bout of resistance exercise in athletes. Also, the available findings collectively indicate that chronic HMB consumption with resistance training does not improve cardiovascular risk factors and oxidative stress markers greater than resistance training alone. Taken together, there is clearly a need for further well-designed, long-term studies to support these findings and determine whether HMB supplementation affects the adaptations induced by resistance training associated with the body's inflammatory condition, antioxidative defense system, and cardiovascular risk factors in humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.