Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30344610›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of microbiology2018

Characterization of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Sudanese Banknotes and Determination of Their Resistance Profile.

Noha Ahmed Abd Alfadil, Malik Suliman Mohamed, Manal M Ali, El Amin Ibrahim El Nima

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
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  2. Molecular Epidemiology ofMicroorganisms · 2022
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  6. A Call for Action to Safely Deliver Oral Health Care during and Post COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Article
  7. Should we leave the paper currency? A microbiological examination.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Noha Ahmed Abd AlfadilDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al Neelain, Khartoum, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0002-2121-9680
Malik Suliman MohamedDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0001-8751-4159
Manal M AliDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.
El Amin Ibrahim El NimaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
University of Khartoum · SDAl-Neelain University · SDOmdurman Islamic University · SD

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBanknotes are one of the most exchangeable items in communities and always subject to contamination by pathogenic bacteria and hence could serve as vehicle for transmission of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of contamination by pathogenic bacteria in Sudanese banknotes, determine the susceptibility of the isolated organisms towards commonly used antibiotics, and detect some antibiotic resistance genes.

methodsThis study was carried out using 135 samples of Sudanese banknotes of five different denominations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 Sudanese pounds), which were collected randomly from hospitals, food sellers, and transporters in all three districts of Khartoum, Bahri, and Omdurman. Bacterial prevalence was determined using culture-based techniques, and their sensitivity patterns were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Genotypic identification was carried out using PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance genes of some isolates were detected using PCR technique.

resultsAll Sudanese banknotes were found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria.

conclusionAll studied Sudanese banknotes were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, and may play a significant role in the transmission of bacterial infections.

Identifiers

PMID30344610
PMCPMC6174782
OpenAlexW2893161399

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.