ArticleFrontiers in physiology2018
Athletic Races Represent Complex Systems, and Pacing Behavior Should Be Viewed as an Emergent Phenomenon.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative Effects of Pacing Strategies on Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- Pacing Behaviour Development and Acquisition: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine - open · 2022Pooled it
- Why now? A physiological perspective on the first official sub-2-hour marathon.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Review
- Sprint Running Coordination: A Dynamical Systems Perspective.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Effects of group mindfulness intervention on high-level distance runners: a quasi-experimental study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Exploratory analysis of critical event phases and the impact of team size and performance levels in 24 hour ultra cycling.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Pacing strategies in marathons: A systematic review.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Mental preparation in runners: gender differences, competition levels, and psychological training effects on performance.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Case Report: Differences in self-selected pacing in 20, 40, and 60 ironman-distance triathlons: a case study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Pacing Variation in Multistage Ultramarathons: Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- The Relative Importance of Training and Social Support for Runners' Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study.Sports medicine - open · 2023Article
- Beyond the border of the athlete-centered approach: a model to understand runners' performance.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- The subject-environment interplay between runners from different Brazilian macro-regions.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- The Effects of Sex, Age and Performance Level on Pacing in Ultra-Marathon Runners in the 'Spartathlon'.Sports medicine - open · 2022Article
- The Influence of Environmental Conditions on Pacing in Age Group Marathoners Competing in the "New York City Marathon".Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Pacing Profiles of Middle-Distance Running World Records in Men and Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Pacing profiles and tactical behaviors of elite runners.Journal of sport and health science · 2021Review
- Different race pacing strategies among runners covering the 2017 Berlin Marathon under 3 hours and 30 minutes.PloS one · 2020Article
- Pacing of Women and Men in Half-Marathon and Marathon Races.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pacing is the manner in which effort is distributed over the duration of an exercise bout, and is an important determinant of the extent to which individual potential is realized during athletic races. Observed pacing behaviors are thought to result from complex decision-making processes, and several models have been proposed that may explain the manner in which these decisions are made. In this article we argue that examination of individual factors implicated in the regulation of pacing is unlikely to allow full understanding of the events leading to pacing and performance. Rather than utilizing such a reductionist approach, it is suggested that athletic races be viewed as complex systems, and that pacing behavior is an emergent phenomenon that cannot be fully understood through study of components of the system in isolation. We describe and discuss known and potential interactions between determinants of pacing during races, and conclude with a call for the development of novel research methodologies that may further understanding of the manner in which observed behaviors emerge.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.