ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2018
Use of rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04372238 (The Rhode Island Prescription and Illicit Drug Study Responding to Fentanyl and Associated Harms), which is not on this map. Cited by 113 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Rhode Island Prescription and Illicit Drug Study Responding to Fentanyl and Associated Harms
Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug checking services for people who use drugs: a systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Global patterns of opioid use and dependence: harms to populations, interventions, and future action.Lancet (London, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl test strip use among people who use drugs in Rhode Island.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Trial
- Trends in overdose experiences and prevention behaviors among people who use opioids in Baltimore, MD, 2017-2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- "Once I started going… I had this central wheel hub": Drivers of overdose prevention center engagement and connections to care in Rhode Island.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Assessment of Test Strips for Detection of Fentanyl in Powders.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- Survey of local patterns of fentanyl exposure and harm reduction strategies in the Southeastern United States.The mental health clinician · 2026Article
- Public Knowledge and Perceptions of Fentanyl Test Strips: A National Cross-Sectional Survey Informed by the Health Belief Model.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- "No judgment, no preaching": approaches to harm reduction service provision for people who use drugs in North Carolina.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Xylazine test strip utilization among pregnant and postpartum women with opioid use disorder: A pilot study.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- "Extremely cheap and extremely potent": Fentanyl Knowledge and Risk Practices AmongYoung People in Oregon Who Have Used Non-Prescription Pills.Research square · 2026Article
- Real time, on-site drug checking in low-threshold housing communities.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Computational design of dynamic biosensors for emerging synthetic opioids.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Responding to the increase in substance use, HIV, HCV, and overdose in New England (RISE-NE): Protocol for a prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Willingness to use fentanyl test strips among street drug users in Puerto Rico: a cross-sectional study.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Prevention and Management of Opioid use Disorder and Overdose in Adolescents and Young Adults.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- Urgent Need for Pairing Training and Education With Fentanyl Test Strip Distribution.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- "We knew it was coming: we didn't act" perspectives from people who use drugs and substance use workforce on the impact of delays in implementation of the supervised injection facility and drug checking interventions.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Association of fentanyl test strip results and change in drug use behaviors: A multi-state, community-based observational study.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Observational
- "All it's gonna tell you is if it has fentanyl or not:" Perceptions of fentanyl and drug checking among first responders and people who use drugs.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe overdose epidemic has been exacerbated by a dramatic increase in deaths involving illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF). Drug checking is a novel strategy to identify IMF in illicit drugs. We examined the uptake and acceptability of rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults.
methodsFrom May to September 2017, we recruited 93 young adults in Rhode Island who reported injecting drugs or using heroin, cocaine, or illicitly obtained prescription pills in the past 30 days. Participants were asked to test either their urine after drug use (post-consumption) or a drug sample prior to use (pre-consumption) using rapid fentanyl test strips. After a questionnaire and a brief training, participants received ten strips for their personal use and were asked to return for a one-month follow-up visit, which assessed the uptake and acceptability of the rapid strips tests and the behavioral outcomes associated with receipt of a positive test.
resultsOf the 81 (87%) participants who returned for follow-up and who had complete data, the mean age was 27, 45 (56%) were male, and 37 (46%) were non-white. A total of 62 participants (77%) reported using at least one test strip. Of these, 31 (50%) received at least one positive result. A positive result was associated with older age, homelessness, heroin use, injection drug use, ever witnessing an overdose, and concern about overdose or drugs being laced with fentanyl (all p < 0.05). Receiving a positive result was significantly associated with reporting a positive change in overdose risk behavior between baseline and follow-up (p ≤ 0.01). Among all participants, 79 (98%) reported confidence in their ability to use the test strips and 77 (95%) wanted to use them in the future.
conclusionsYoung adults reported high uptake and acceptability of fentanyl test strips to detect IMF in illicit drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.