ArticleAmerican journal of surgery2019
Assessing gender bias in qualitative evaluations of surgical residents.
Article in American journal of surgery, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Differential attainment within medical education: a systematic review.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Gender and Institutional Differences in Preferred Resident Responses to Biased Statements in Medical Education: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Analysis.AEM education and training · 2026Article
- Stress and resilience among first-year medical students: a cross-sectional application of the medical student stress scale.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Gender equality and equity in intensive care: an international Delphi consensus study.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Diversity in operative coaching: exploring gender and race differences in evaluations.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Does gender influence learning, perceptions and retention in regional anatomy dissection courses?Anatomical science international · 2026Article
- Be AWARE: An Anti-bias Toolkit to Limit Bias in Narrative Evaluation of Medical Trainees.MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources · 2026Article
- Promoting Professionalism in Medical Education: A Toolbox for Effective Feedback and Remediation.The clinical teacher · 2025Article
- Developing a Framework for Mental Health Disclosure Decision-Making Among Medical Students: A Qualitative Pilot Study.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence classifies surgical technical skills in simulated laparoscopy: a pilot study.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Article
- Factors affecting family planning among general surgery trainees.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Implicit bias assessment by career stage in medical education training: a narrative review.BMC medical education · 2025Review
- Review
- Sex and Race/Ethnicity Based Trends in Matriculation to General Surgery Residency and Associated Fellowship Programs.The Journal of surgical research · 2024Article
- Automated task-level autonomy assessment in robotic surgery.Surgical endoscopy · 2024Article
- Differential attainment in assessment of postgraduate surgical trainees: a scoping review.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Educational challenges and opportunities for the future generation of surgeons: a scoping review.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024Article
- Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2024Article
- Understanding and addressing varying perceptions of autonomy.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2024Article
- Analysis of narrative assessments of internal medicine resident performance: are there differences associated with gender or race and ethnicity?BMC medical education · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are notable disparities in the training, recruitment, promotion, and evaluation of men and women in surgery. The qualitative assessment of surgical residents may be implicitly gender biased.
methodsWe used inductive analysis to identify themes in written evaluations of residents. We also performed a content analysis of words fitting previously defined communal, grindstone, ability, and standout categories.
resultsDifferences in themes that emerged from evaluations of male and female residents were notable regarding overall performance, references to the future, professional competency, job domains, disposition and humanism, and overall tone of evaluations. Comments about men were more positive than those about women, and evaluations of men included more standout words.
conclusionsThe more positive evaluations of men may handicap women if they are seen as less likely to perform well based on these evaluations. These differences suggest that implicit bias may play a role in the qualitative evaluation of surgical residents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.