ReviewAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2018
APOL1-Associated Nephropathy: A Key Contributor to Racial Disparities in CKD.
Review in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- KidneyGenAfrica multi-cohort Genome-wide association study and polygenic prediction of kidney function in 110,000 Africans.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Association of race and ethnicity with mortality in adults with SLE: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Ascertaining the mechanistic etiology of COVID-associated glomerulonephritis: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study for time to failure of kidney transplants from African American deceased donors.Clinical transplantation · 2020Pooled it
- Update on APOL1 and chronic kidney diseases in children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- APOL1 kidney disease: a critical narrative review of molecular mechanisms, clinical heterogeneity, and the emerging therapeutic landscape.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- An integrative review of APOL1 kidney disease with a focus on the Brazilian population.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Review
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate discordance and cardiopulmonary morbidity in sickle cell disease.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in kidney disease: mechanisms and metabolic effects.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of APOL1-Associated Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- On the topical issue of assisted dying: the insurmountable challenges of human existence, and the right to exit.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein L1 genetic testing, family history of hypertension, and kidney disease in a Midwestern U.S. cohort.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Article
- APOL1-mediated kidney disease: a narrative review of the lessons learnt from the past 15 years.BMC nephrology · 2025Review
- Social vulnerability and chronic kidney disease-associated mortality in the United States: 1999-2020.Journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Kidney Disease Among Black and White Adults: An Analysis of 2017-2020 NHANES.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Lipidomics Unveils Critical Lipid Pathway Shifts in Alport Syndrome.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Precision Medicine: Personalizing Healthcare by Bridging Aging, Genetics, and Global Diversity.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development of Polygenic Risk Score for Persistent Albuminuria in Children and Adults With Sickle Cell Anemia.American journal of hematology · 2025Observational
- Interaction BetweenKidney international reports · 2025Article
- LILRB3 genetic variation is associated with kidney transplant failure in African American recipients.Nature medicine · 2025Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Genetic methodologies are improving our understanding of the pathophysiology in diverse diseases. Breakthroughs have been particularly impressive in nephrology, for which marked disparities exist in rates and etiologic classifications of end-stage kidney disease between African Americans and European Americans. Discovery of the apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) association with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy, lupus nephritis, sickle cell nephropathy, and solidified glomerulosclerosis, as well as more rapid failure of transplanted kidneys from donors with APOL1 renal-risk genotypes, has improved our understanding of nondiabetic nephropathy. Environmental factors acting through natural selection in sub-Saharan African populations likely underlie this association. This article describes the discovery of chromosome 22q renal-risk variants and their worldwide distribution, reviews the epidemiology and pathology of APOL1-associated nephropathies, and explores several proposed mechanisms of kidney injury identified in cell culture and animal models. Detection of APOL1 associations with kidney diseases and delineation of injury pathways brings hope for effective treatment for these kidney diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.