Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30343668›Full record

ReviewBiology of sex differences2018

Sex differences in lower urinary tract biology and physiology.

Benjamin Abelson, Daniel Sun, Lauren Que, Rebecca A Nebel, Dylan Baker, Patrick Popiel, Cindy L Amundsen, Toby Chai, Clare Close, Michael DiSanto and 8 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biology of sex differences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Review
  5. Observational
  6. Article
  7. Innovative Technique for Single-Stage Phalloplasty with Complete Urethral Reconstruction for Micropenis and Perineal Hypospadias.Indian journal of plastic surgery : official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Female Supine Urination Tech: Patent Landscape & Indicators.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Benjamin AbelsonGlickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Daniel SunGlickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Lauren QueDepartment of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Rebecca A NebelSociety for Women's Health Research, Washington, DC, USA.
Dylan BakerUConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington, Farmington, CT, USA.
Patrick PopielDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Cindy L AmundsenDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Toby ChaiDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Clare CloseClose Pediatric Urology, Henderson, NV, USA.
Michael DiSantoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
Matthew O FraserDepartment of Surgery, Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Stephanie J KielbDepartment of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
George KuchelUConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington, Farmington, CT, USA.
Elizabeth R MuellerDepartment of Urology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
Mary H PalmerSchool of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Candace Parker-AutryDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Alan J WolfeDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
Margot S DamaserGlickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. damasem@ccf.org.

Funding

ORD VA F9261-L
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Females and males differ significantly in gross anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract, and these differences are commonly discussed in the medical and scientific literature. However, less attention is dedicated to investigating the varied development, function, and biology between females and males on a cellular level. Recognizing that cell biology is not uniform, especially in the lower urinary tract of females and males, is crucial for providing context and relevance for diverse fields of biomedical investigation. This review serves to characterize the current understanding of biological sex differences between female and male lower urinary tracts, while identifying areas for future research. First, the differences in overall cell populations are discussed in the detrusor smooth muscle, urothelium, and trigone. Second, the urethra is discussed, including anatomic discussions of the female and male urethra followed by discussions of cellular differences in the urothelial and muscular layers. The pelvic floor is then reviewed, followed by an examination of the sex differences in hormonal regulation, the urinary tract microbiome, and the reticuloendothelial system. Understanding the complex and dynamic development, anatomy, and physiology of the lower urinary tract should be contextualized by the sex differences described in this review.

Indexed as

Urinary Tract Physiological PhenomenaAnimalsFemaleGonadal Steroid HormonesHumansMaleSex CharacteristicsUrinary TractGonadal Steroid HormonesCell biologyLower urinary tractSex differencesUrology

Identifiers

PMID30343668
PMCPMC6196569

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.