Trial reportIntensive care medicine2018
A multicentre randomized pilot trial on the effectiveness of different levels of cooling in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the FROST-I trial.
Trial report in Intensive care medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02035839 (A Pilot Multicenter Randomized Trial on the Effectiveness of Different Levels of Cooling in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest.), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Multicenter Randomized Trial on the Effectiveness of Different Levels of Cooling in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- 2025 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Part 6. Post-cardiac arrest care.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Guideline
- Targeted Temperature Management in Pregnant Patients after Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiac arrest.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Target temperature management following cardiac arrest: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- [Targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest : What is new?]Der Anaesthesist · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest on the Neurological Outcome and Survival-A Systematic Review of RCTs Published between 2016 and 2020.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Targeted temperature management following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of temperature targets.Intensive care medicine · 2021Pooled it
- 2020 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Part 5. Post-cardiac arrest care.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2021Guideline
- Trial
- Why Post-Cardiac Arrest Interventions Often Fail: Therapeutic Amenability and the Rapidly Closing Window of Neuroprotection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A Critical Review on Misleading Evidence in Cardiac Arrest Trials-Why Less Complexity Does Not Result in Better Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Management of non-Cardiac Organ Failure in cardiogenic shock.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Therapeutic strategies to ameliorate mitochondrial oxidative stress in ischaemia-reperfusion injury: A narrative review.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- Temperature management in the intensive care unit: a practical survey from China.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2023Article
- A Commentary on the Effect of Targeted Temperature Management in Patients Resuscitated from Cardiac Arrest.Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management · 2023Article
- General Critical Care, Temperature Control, and End-of-Life Decision Making in Patients Resuscitated from Cardiac Arrest.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Targeted Temperature Management in Cardiac Arrest: An Updated Narrative Review.Cardiology and therapy · 2023Review
- Targeted Temperature Management in Postresuscitation Care After Incorporating Results of the TTM2 Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Review
- Through the Looking Glass: The Paradoxical Evolution of Targeted Temperature Management for Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo obtain initial data on the effect of different levels of targeted temperature management (TTM) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
methodsWe designed a multicentre pilot trial with 1:1:1 randomization to either 32 °C (n = 52), 33 °C (n = 49) or 34 °C (n = 49), via endovascular cooling devices during a 24-h period in comatose survivors of witnessed OHCA and initial shockable rhythm. The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects surviving with good neurologic outcome defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of ≤ 3, blindly assessed at 90 days.
resultsAt baseline, different proportions of patients who had received defibrillation administered by a bystander were assigned to groups of 32 °C (13.5%), 33 °C (34.7%) and 34 °C (28.6%; p = 0.03). The percentage of patients with an mRS ≤ 3 at 90 days (primary endpoint) was 65.3, 65.9 and 65.9% in patients assigned to 32, 33 and 34 °C, respectively, non-significant (NS). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model identified two variables significantly related to the primary outcome: male gender and defibrillation by a bystander. Among the 43 patients who died before 90 days, 28 died following withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy, as follows: 7/16 (43.8%), 10/13 (76.9%) and 11/14 (78.6%) of patients assigned to 32, 33 and 34 °C, respectively (trend test p = 0.04). All levels of cooling were well tolerated.
conclusionsThere were no statistically significant differences in neurological outcomes among the different levels of TTM. However, future research should explore the efficacy of TTM at 32 °C. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov unique identifier: NCT02035839 ( http://clinicaltrials.gov ).
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.