Trial reportBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2019
The Developing Regorafenib Eye drops for neovascular Age-related Macular degeneration (DREAM) study: an open-label phase II trial.
Trial report in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Topical Treatment for Retinal Degenerative Pathologies: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The Developing Regorafenib Eye drops for neovascular Age-related Macular degeneration (DREAM) study: an open-label phase II trial.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Nanocarrier-Mediated Non-Invasive Drug Delivery for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Advances and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Tyrosine Kinase Receptors, Inhibition, and Potential Role in the Pharmacotherapy of Retinal Disorders.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Preclinical Ocular Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Novel Tivozanib Eye Drops for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Ocular pharmacokinetics of tivozanib eye drops in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: comparison with phase 1 trials of oral tivozanib in solid tumors.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Molecular Dynamics and Experimental Validation of Natural Products from Chuanxiong Rhizoma as VEGFR2 Inhibitors for nAMD Therapy.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Cyclic nucleotide signaling as a drug target in retinitis pigmentosa.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- Topical ophthalmic administration of the antiangiogenic peptide VIAN-c4551 protects against experimental diabetic macular edema.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development of Rifampicin Eye Drops for the Treatment of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Progress in Nanotechnology for Treating Ocular Surface Chemical Injuries: Reflecting on Advances in Ophthalmology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- The Landscape of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition in Retinal Diseases.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Experimental and clinical tests of FDA-approved kinase inhibitors for the treatment of neurological disorders (update 2024).Exploration of drug science · 2025Article
- Research on neurotrophic factor for glaucoma: a worldwide bibliometric analysis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Challenges and opportunities of developing small-molecule therapies for age-related macular degeneration.Archives of pharmacal research · 2024Review
- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and their role in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema.Eye (London, England) · 2023Review
- Intravitreal Administration of Retinal Organoids-Derived Exosomes Alleviates Photoreceptor Degeneration in Royal College of Surgeons Rats by Targeting the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Large-scale multitrait genome-wide association analyses identify hundreds of glaucoma risk loci.Nature genetics · 2023Article
- Rethinking the potential and necessity of drug delivery systems in neovascular age-related macular degeneration therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- FDA-Approved Kinase Inhibitors in Preclinical and Clinical Trials for Neurological Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThis programme investigated topical regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).
methodsTopical regorafenib was investigated in an open-label, phase IIa/b study in which patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to nAMD received regorafenib (25 μl, 30 mg ml
resultsIn nAMD patients (N = 51), mean changes in BCVA were +1.2 [90% confidence interval (CI) -0.61, 2.97] and -2.4 (90% CI -4.18, -0.54) letters at weeks 4 and 12, respectively. Ocular treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (study eye) were reported in 21 patients by week 12. There was one serious ocular TEAE (visual acuity reduced) that was not drug related. Twenty patients required rescue (intravitreal ranibizumab).
conclusionsThe programme was terminated after phase IIa ended because efficacy was lower than with current nAMD treatments. According to elaborate post hoc analyses, the most likely reason was insufficient exposure in the target compartment (back of the eye).
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Registered trials
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