ArticleSurgical endoscopy2019
Ergonomics of minimally invasive surgery: an analysis of muscle effort and fatigue in the operating room between laparoscopic and robotic surgery.
Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of ergonomic and muscular strain in surgeons comparing robotic to laparoscopic approaches.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Advances in objective assessment of ergonomics in endoscopic surgery: a review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Should All Minimal Access Surgery Be Robot-Assisted? A Systematic Review into the Musculoskeletal and Cognitive Demands of Laparoscopic and Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2022Pooled it
- Are Surgeons Working Smarter or Harder? A Systematic Review Comparing the Physical and Mental Demands of Robotic and Laparoscopic or Open Surgery.World journal of surgery · 2021Pooled it
- Muscle activation during traditional laparoscopic surgery compared with robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery: a meta-analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of a full clinical workday on surgical performance in simulated laparoscopy: a controlled crossover trial.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- Augmenting colonoscopy with artificial intelligence and robotic assistance: a human-factors scoping review toward a task-based shared autonomy paradigm.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Ergonomic impact of a passive upper-limb exoskeleton on surgeon workload during laparoscopic tasks: a crossover experimental study.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Multimodal physiological correlates of surgeon stress in live robot-assisted surgery.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Observational
- Multimuscle Surface-EMG Characterization of Upper-Limb Fatigue During Repetitive Haptic Interaction for Health 5.0 Applications.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Five Decades of Innovation-Tailored Breast Cancer Treatment: 1976-2026.World journal of surgery · 2026Review
- Critical analysis on the assessment of ergonomics in robotic surgery: A scoping review.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Ergonomic advantages of the open console system in robotic colorectal resection: reduced musculoskeletal strain with preserved technical performance - a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Localized Muscular Fatigue in Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery: Predictive Modeling Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Minimally invasive Distal Pancreatectomy eRgonOMic analysis - the DP-ROM trial: An explorative, prospective, observational, cohort study trial.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Observational
- Evaluating the ergonomic aspects of laparoscopic energy devices: combination of a survey and a kinesiologic experiment.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Article
- Evaluation of posture in four different robotic surgical systems.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Article
- The rise of robotics: Surgical approaches for rectal cancer over time.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Article
- Surface electromyography markers of motor learning during laparoscopic skill acquisition: associations with performance and movement efficiency.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
- Effect of forearm compression sleeve on muscle fatigue during robotic surgery: a randomized controlled study.Journal of minimally invasive surgery · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOur aim was to determine how objectively-measured and self-reported muscle effort and fatigue of the upper-limb differ between surgeons performing laparoscopic (LAP) and robotic-assisted (ROBOT) surgeries.
methodsSurgeons performing LAP or ROBOT procedures at a single-institution were enrolled. Objective muscle activation and self-reported fatigue were evaluated, and comparisons were made between approaches. Muscle activation of the upper trapezius (UT), anterior deltoid (AD), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and extensor digitorum (ED) were recorded during the surgical procedure using Trigno wireless surface electromyography (EMG). The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was obtained to normalize root-mean-square muscle activation as %MVC
results28 surgeries were recorded (LAP: N = 18, ROBOT: N = 10). EMG analysis revealed the ROBOT group had a higher muscle activation than LAP for UT (37.7 vs. 25.5, p = 0.003), AD (8.9 vs. 6.3, p = 0.027), and FCR (14.4 vs. 10.9, p = 0.019). Conversely, LAP required more effort for the ED, represented by a significantly lower MDF compared to the ROBOT group (91.2 ± 1.5 Hz vs. 102.8 ± 1.5 Hz, p < 0.001). Survey analysis revealed no differences in self-reported fatigue before and after the surgery between approaches, p = 0.869.
conclusionsOur analysis revealed surgeons show similar fatigue levels performing the first case of the day using either robotic or LAP surgery. Surgeons performing LAP surgery had more fatigue in the forearm, robotic surgery required more shoulder and neck use, but neither was superior. Neither technique produced significant overall fatigue on survey. Long-term selective use of these different muscles could be correlated with different patterns of injury. Future studies are needed to fully understand long-term implications of prolonged surgery on occupational injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.