SynthesisBMC cardiovascular disorders2018
Association of sodium intake and major cardiovascular outcomes: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Synthesis in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of diet in stroke incidence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Blood Pressure Effects of Sodium Reduction: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies.Circulation · 2021Pooled it
- Further evidence that methods based on spot urine samples should not be used to examine sodium-disease relationships from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (November 2018 to August 2019).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Pooled it
- Defining Optimal Nutrition Behaviors to Determine Benefit-Cost Ratio of Federal Nutrition Education Programs.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Drinking water access and quality in the Gaza Strip prior to 7 October 2023 and implications for reconstruction.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Influencers in Policy Fields on Social Media: Global Longitudinal Study of Dietary Sodium Reduction Posts, 2006-2022.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Assessment of Health and Well-Being Effects Associated With the Challenging Drinking Water Situation in the Gaza Strip: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Household Survey Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Pre-Prepared Foods Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of College Students in Central China.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Breakfast Type and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2023Article
- The Bahraini food based dietary guidelines: a holistic perspective to health and wellbeing.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Dietary Sodium 'Controversy'-Issues and Potential Solutions.Current nutrition reports · 2021Review
- Urinary Sodium and Potassium, and Risk of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke (INTERSTROKE): A Case-Control Study.American journal of hypertension · 2021Article
- Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2021Review
- Sodium Intake and Target Organ Damage in Hypertension-An Update about the Role of a Real Villain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics are Associated with Low Diurnal Urinary Sodium Excretion.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association of sodium intake with the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is inconsistent. Thus, the present meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the strength of association between sodium intake and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
methodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically to identify the relevant studies up to October 2017. The effect estimates for 100 mmol/day increase in sodium intake were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cardiac death, total mortality, stroke, or stroke mortality for low (< 3 g/d), moderate (3-5 g/d), or heavy (> 5 g/d) sodium intake, and minimal sodium intake comparison.
resultsA total of 16 prospective cohort studies reported data on 205,575 individuals. The results suggested that an increase in sodium intake by 100 mmol/d demonstrated little or no effect on the risk of cardiac death (P = 0.718) and total mortality (P = 0.720). However, the risk of stroke incidence (P = 0.029) and stroke mortality (P = 0.007) was increased significantly by 100 mmol/day increment of sodium intake. Furthermore, low sodium intake was associated with an increased risk of cardiac death (P = 0.003), while moderate (P < 0.001) or heavy (P = 0.001) sodium intake was associated with an increased risk of stroke mortality.
conclusionsThese findings suggested that sodium intake by 100 mmol/d increment was associated with an increased risk of stroke incidence and stroke mortality. Furthermore, low sodium intake was related to an increased cardiac death risk, while moderate or heavy sodium intake was related to an increased risk of stroke mortality.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.