Trial reportHeart rhythm2019
Patient plus partner trial: A randomized controlled trial of 2 interventions to improve outcomes after an initial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
Trial report in Heart rhythm, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- 2025 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Part 6. Post-cardiac arrest care.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Guideline
- European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2025: post-resuscitation care.Intensive care medicine · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- Single-arm feasibility trial of a resilience intervention for cardiac arrest survivors and their family caregivers, Recovering Together after Cardiac Arrest.Resuscitation · 2025Trial
- Social Determinants of Health-Related Outcomes in an Intervention Following Initial Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Physical function, psychological adjustment, and self-efficacy following sudden cardiac arrest and an initial implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in a social cognitive theory intervention: secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Trial
- Intervention mediating effects of self-efficacy on patient physical and psychological health following ICD implantation.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Trial
- Social cognitive intervention following an initial implantable cardioverter defibrillator: Better treatment response for secondary versus primary prevention.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2020Trial
- Patient and Partner Sexual Concerns During the First Year After an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Secondary Analysis of the P+P Randomized Clinical Trial.The journal of sexual medicine · 2020Trial
- The Information Needs and Experiences of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Caregivers: A Qualitative Analysis of Social Media Data.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026Article
- Impact of hospital and health system initiatives to address Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) in the United States: a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Psychological and behavioral dimensions in cardiac arrest survivors and their families: A state-of-the-art review.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Characteristics of hospital and health system initiatives to address social determinants of health in the United States: a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Addressing PTSD in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients: State-of-the-Art Management of ICD Shock and PTSD.Current cardiology reports · 2023Review
- Profiles of partner health linked to a partner-focused intervention following patient initial implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).Journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- Effect of a virtual self-management intervention for atrial fibrillation during the outbreak of COVID-19.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInterventions to improve physical and psychological outcomes in recipients with an initial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and their intimate partners are largely unstudied, though likely to have a major impact on adjustment to the ICD and general well-being.
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to report the primary outcomes of the patient plus partner randomized controlled trial.
methodsIn a 2-group (N = 301) prospective randomized controlled trial, we compared 2 social-cognitive-based intervention programs-patient plus partner (P+P) and patient only (P only)-implemented after initial ICD implantation. The patient intervention, consisting of educational materials, nurse-delivered telephone coaching, videotape demonstrations, and access to a nurse via a 24/7 pager, was implemented in both groups. P+P also incorporated partner participation. The primary patient outcomes were symptoms and anxiety at 3 months. Other outcomes were physical function (SF-36 [Short Form 36] and ICD shocks-patient), psychological adjustment (PHQ-9 [Patient Health Questionaire-9]), relationship impact (Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale (DAS and OCBS) partner), self-efficacy and knowledge (Sudden Cardiac Arrest-Self Efficacy [SCA-SE], Sudden Cardiac Arrest-Outcomes Expectation [SCA-OE], and Knowledge Self-Assessment [KSA]), and health care utilization (outpatient visits and hospitalizations) at hospital discharge and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-ICD implantation.
resultsFor patients, P+P compared with P only was more effective in improving symptoms (P = .02), depression (P = .006), self-efficacy (P = .02), outcome expectations (P = .03), and knowledge (P = .07). For partners, P+P was more effective in improving partner caregiver burden (P = .002), self-efficacy (P = .001), and ICD knowledge (P = .04).
conclusionAn intervention that integrated the partner into the patient's recovery after an ICD improved outcomes for both. Beyond survival benefits of the ICD, intervention programs designed to address both the patient and their partner living successfully with an ICD are needed and promising.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.