ArticleNeurotoxicology2019
Corticosterone and pyridostigmine/DEET exposure attenuate peripheral cytokine expression: Supporting a dominant role for neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness.
Article in Neurotoxicology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Corticosteroid Usage in Modeling Gulf War Illness in Pre-Clinical Models: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- In Vivo Effects of N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide (DEET) Exposure on Sinonasal Epithelia in a Murine Model.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Decadelong low basal ganglia NAA/tCr from elevated tCr supports ATP depletion from mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Gulf War illness.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Synthetic Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist MIA-690 as a Cognitive Modulator in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nerve agent exposure and physiological stress alter brain microstructure and immune profiles after inflammatory challenge in a long-term rat model of Gulf War Illness.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- scL-2PAM: A Novel Countermeasure That Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Losses in Mice Exposed to an Anticholinesterase Organophosphate.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Double-Humanized Mouse Model for Studying Host Gut Microbiome-Immune Interactions in Gulf War Illness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) with arthritis among adult participants.PloS one · 2024Article
- Chemical exposures and suspected impact on Gulf War Veterans.Military Medical Research · 2023Article
- Intermittent systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation disrupts hippocampal long-term potentiation and impairs cognition in aging male mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in Gulf War veterans: a follow-up study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Oral Nano-Curcumin in a Model of Chronic Gulf War Illness Alleviates Brain Dysfunction with Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function, Neuroinflammation, Neurogenesis, and Gene Expression.Aging and disease · 2022Article
- Brain-Specific Increase in Leukotriene Signaling Accompanies Chronic Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in a Model of Gulf War Illness.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- A pilot reverse virtual screening study suggests toxic exposures caused long-term epigenetic changes in Gulf War Illness.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- The β-adrenergic receptor blocker and anti-inflammatory drug propranolol mitigates brain cytokine expression in a long-term model of Gulf War Illness.Life sciences · 2021Article
- Boston biorepository, recruitment and integrative network (BBRAIN): A resource for the Gulf War Illness scientific community.Life sciences · 2021Article
- Modeling Neuroimmune Interactions in Human Subjects and Animal Models to Predict Subtype-Specific Multidrug Treatments for Gulf War Illness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Gulf War Illness: Mechanisms Underlying Brain Dysfunction and Promising Therapeutic Strategies.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2021Review
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Increased Hippocampal Astrocytes in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness.Neuroscience insights · 2021Article
- A role for neuroimmune signaling in a rat model of Gulf War Illness-related pain.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi-symptom disorder experienced by as many as a third of the veterans of the 1991 Gulf War; the constellation of "sickness behavior" symptoms observed in ill veterans is suggestive of a neuroimmune involvement. Various chemical exposures and conditions in theater have been implicated in the etiology of the illness. Previously, we found that GW-related organophosphates (OPs), such as the sarin surrogate, DFP, and chlorpyrifos, cause neuroinflammation. The combination of these exposures with exogenous corticosterone (CORT), mimicking high physiological stress, exacerbates the observed neuroinflammation. The potential relationship between the effects of OPs and CORT on the brain versus inflammation in the periphery has not been explored. Here, using our established GWI mouse model, we investigated the effects of CORT and DFP exposure, with or without a chronic application of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), on cytokines in the liver and serum. While CORT primed DFP-induced neuroinflammation, this effect was largely absent in the periphery. Moreover, the changes found in the peripheral tissues do not correlate with the previously reported neuroinflammation. These results not only support GWI as a neuroimmune disorder, but also highlight the separation between central and peripheral effects of these exposures.
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Registered trials
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